All Free Nursing Management and Ethics MCQs with Answers

• A. Conservation of energy
• B. Conservation of personal integrity
• C. Conservation of social integrity
• D. Conservation of structural integrity

Explanation: Conservation of energy helps the patient avoid unnecessary energy expenditure and supports healing.

• A. To organise nursing care around patient-centred problems
• B. To classify patients according to stages of skill development
• C. To explain how culture determines health practices
• D. To describe phases of the nurse-patient relationship

Explanation: Abdellah organised nursing practice around identifying and solving patient-centred nursing problems.

• A. Joyce Travelbee
• B. Dorothy Johnson
• C. Virginia Henderson
• D. Betty Neuman

Explanation: Travelbee's human-to-human relationship model emphasises illness, suffering, hope and finding meaning through a genuine nurse-patient…

• A. Core
• B. Care
• C. Cure
• D. Control

Explanation: The core is the person receiving care and the therapeutic interpersonal relationship.

• A. The helping art of clinical nursing
• B. The conservation of structural integrity
• C. The attainment of self-actualisation
• D. The reduction of environmental stressors

Explanation: Wiedenbach described nursing as a helping art in which the nurse identifies a need for help and provides purposeful assistance.

• A. Novice
• B. Advanced beginner
• C. Competent
• D. Expert

Explanation: An advanced beginner can perform some tasks and recognise recurring clinical features but still needs assistance with complex situations…

• A. The patient's ability to perform self-care activities
• B. The total self-care actions required to meet needs
• C. The nurse's skill in providing dependent care
• D. The patient's motivation to accept nursing support

Explanation: Therapeutic self-care demand is the complete set of self-care actions needed to meet the person's known requirements.

• A. The cognator subsystem
• B. The regulator subsystem
• C. The interdependence mode
• D. The role function mode

Explanation: The regulator subsystem produces automatic neural, chemical and endocrine responses to stimuli.

• A. Preventing a stressor before it affects the client system
• B. Returning toward system stability after treatment
• C. Identifying the stressor that first caused the reaction
• D. Strengthening the flexible line of defense

Explanation: Reconstitution is the process of returning to, or moving beyond, the previous level of system stability after a stress reaction and…

• A. Conservation of energy
• B. Conservation of structural integrity
• C. Conservation of personal integrity
• D. Conservation of social integrity

Explanation: Conservation of personal integrity protects the patient's identity, privacy, values and sense of self.

• A. Administering prescribed antibiotics
• B. Assisting with bathing and comfort measures
• C. Exploring the patient's feelings about illness
• D. Selecting the patient's surgical treatment

Explanation: The care component involves bodily care and comfort provided by nursing.

• A. Relief
• B. Ease
• C. Transcendence
• D. Social integration

Explanation: Relief occurs when a specific comfort need is met, such as pain reduction after analgesia.

• A. A diagnosis that can be made without further assessment
• B. An expression that may indicate an immediate need for help
• C. A fixed personality trait that guides all nursing care
• D. A medical symptom requiring treatment by the physician

Explanation: Orlando viewed patient behaviour as potentially signalling an immediate need for help, but the nurse must interpret it carefully and…

• A. The patient's ability to perform activities of living
• B. The nurse's use of transpersonal caring relationships
• C. The effect of stressors on an open client system
• D. The stages of a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship

Explanation: The Roper, Logan and Tierney model assesses activities of living and the person's position on the dependence-independence continuum.

• A. Developing maternal identity and confidence in the mothering role
• B. Maintaining physiological stability during critical illness
• C. Reducing environmental stressors around the hospitalized patient
• D. Improving communication during the working phase of care

Explanation: Mercer's theory explains how a woman develops maternal identity, competence and confidence over time.

• A. Perceived benefits of action
• B. Perceived barriers to action
• C. Interpersonal influences
• D. Activity-related affect

Explanation: Perceived barriers are anticipated obstacles, such as cost, lack of transport or fear of harm, that reduce the likelihood of…

• A. Checking care against defined standards
• B. Changing practice after every complaint
• C. Punishing staff after a poor outcome
• D. Recording only serious patient injuries

Explanation: Quality assurance compares actual care with established standards to identify whether expected care is being provided.

• A. Quality indicators
• B. Staff duty rosters
• C. Patient medical histories
• D. Nursing care plans

Explanation: Quality indicators are measurable events or outcomes used to monitor the quality and safety of care.

• A. Assess both patients and notify the prescriber
• B. Complete the incident form before patient assessment
• C. Hide the error if no harm has occurred
• D. Wait until the next shift to inform the supervisor

Explanation: The immediate priority is patient safety, so both patients must be assessed and the responsible prescriber and senior nurse informed…

• A. Report the near miss through the safety system
• B. Record no event because there is no injury
• C. Blame the patient for standing without help
• D. Replace the wheelchair without documenting the event

Explanation: A near miss should be reported because it identifies a hazard before harm occurs.