Free Urinary System MCQs with Answers
40 Urinary System MCQs from Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra, with emphasis on nephron structure and urine formation. It explains glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, water and electrolyte regulation, acid base balance, and the roles of ADH and aldosterone in maintaining homeostasis.
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40 questions · page 2 of 2
- A. Renin
- B. Erythropoietin
- C. Calcitonin
- D. Aldosterone
Explanation: Erythropoietin is released by the kidneys when tissue oxygen is low and stimulates erythrocyte production.
Correct answer: Erythropoietin- A. Urethra
- B. Ureter
- C. Renal artery
- D. Collecting duct
Explanation: The ureter transports urine from each renal pelvis to the bladder by peristaltic contractions.
Correct answer: Ureter- A. Reduced erythropoietin production
- B. Increased insulin production
- C. Reduced bile secretion
- D. Increased thyroid hormone release
Explanation: Damaged kidneys may produce less erythropoietin, causing reduced red blood cell production and anaemia.
Correct answer: Reduced erythropoietin production- A. Renin
- B. Insulin
- C. Parathyroid hormone
- D. Cortisol
Explanation: Reduced renal perfusion stimulates juxtaglomerular cells to release renin.
Correct answer: Renin- A. The bladder secretes excess glucose
- B. The filtered glucose exceeds tubular transport capacity
- C. The ureters produce glucose during peristalsis
- D. The glomeruli normally prevent glucose filtration
Explanation: Glucose is normally filtered and then reabsorbed, mainly in the proximal tubule.
Correct answer: The filtered glucose exceeds tubular transport capacity- A. Thin descending limb
- B. Thick ascending limb
- C. Proximal convoluted tubule
- D. Collecting duct with high ADH
Explanation: The thick ascending limb reabsorbs sodium, potassium and chloride but does not allow water to follow.
Correct answer: Thick ascending limb- A. Increased calcium reabsorption
- B. Increased calcium loss in urine
- C. Reduced activation of vitamin D
- D. Reduced phosphate excretion
Explanation: Parathyroid hormone increases renal calcium reabsorption and promotes activation of vitamin D.
Correct answer: Increased calcium reabsorption- A. Urea
- B. Creatinine
- C. Glucose
- D. Water
Explanation: Almost all filtered glucose is reabsorbed, so it is normally absent from urine.
Correct answer: Glucose- A. The detrusor muscle contracts continuously
- B. Bladder emptying becomes impaired
- C. The kidneys stop producing filtrate
- D. The ureters become completely obstructed
Explanation: Parasympathetic activity contracts the detrusor muscle during micturition.
Correct answer: Bladder emptying becomes impaired- A. Excretion of more bicarbonate ions
- B. Retention of more bicarbonate ions
- C. Complete stoppage of hydrogen ion secretion
- D. Permanent closure of the renal tubules
Explanation: In metabolic alkalosis, the kidneys can excrete additional bicarbonate, helping reduce the excess base in the blood.
Correct answer: Excretion of more bicarbonate ions- A. The nephron
- B. The renal pelvis
- C. The urinary bladder
- D. The ureter
Explanation: The nephron is the kidney's functional unit and carries out filtration, reabsorption and secretion.
Correct answer: The nephron- A. The pulmonary capillaries
- B. The peritubular capillaries
- C. The coronary capillaries
- D. The lymphatic capillaries
Explanation: Peritubular capillaries surround the renal tubules and receive water and useful solutes returned to the blood.
Correct answer: The peritubular capillaries- A. The macula densa
- B. The renal papilla
- C. The podocyte layer
- D. The urinary sphincter
Explanation: The macula densa is part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus and monitors sodium chloride delivery in the distal tubule.
Correct answer: The macula densa- A. Erythropoietin
- B. Calcitriol
- C. Renin
- D. Urokinase
Explanation: The kidneys convert vitamin D into calcitriol, the active form that promotes intestinal calcium absorption.
Correct answer: Calcitriol- A. Large proteins move into the renal tubule
- B. Water and small solutes enter Bowman's capsule
- C. Urine moves from the bladder to the urethra
- D. Red blood cells enter the filtrate freely
Explanation: Glomerular filtration allows water and small dissolved substances to pass from glomerular blood into Bowman's capsule.
Correct answer: Water and small solutes enter Bowman's capsule- A. Reduced antidiuretic hormone activity
- B. Excessive aldosterone activity
- C. Increased erythropoietin release
- D. Reduced parathyroid hormone activity
Explanation: Reduced ADH activity prevents adequate water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, causing polyuria and intense thirst.
Correct answer: Reduced antidiuretic hormone activity- A. Retaining more bicarbonate
- B. Excreting more bicarbonate
- C. Retaining more hydrogen ions
- D. Excreting less sodium in urine
Explanation: During respiratory alkalosis, the kidneys excrete more bicarbonate to reduce the excess alkaline reserve and help lower blood pH toward…
Correct answer: Excreting more bicarbonate- A. Protein in the urine
- B. Urobilinogen in the urine
- C. Concentrated urine
- D. Increased urinary frequency
Explanation: Glomerular damage can allow albumin to pass into urine, producing proteinuria and contributing to edema through reduced plasma oncotic…
Correct answer: Protein in the urine- A. Collect the first urine passed without cleaning
- B. Clean the area from back to front before voiding
- C. Begin voiding, then collect urine in the sterile container
- D. Fill the container after touching its inside surface
Explanation: The patient should clean the area as instructed, begin voiding, and then collect the midstream urine without contaminating the container.
Correct answer: Begin voiding, then collect urine in the sterile container- A. Excreting hydrogen ions and retaining bicarbonate
- B. Retaining hydrogen ions and excreting bicarbonate
- C. Reducing ammonium formation in the tubules
- D. Preventing reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate
Explanation: In respiratory acidosis, the kidneys compensate by increasing hydrogen ion excretion and conserving or generating bicarbonate.
Correct answer: Excreting hydrogen ions and retaining bicarbonate