Free Cells and Tissues MCQs with Answers
40 Cells and Tissues MCQs from Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Cells and tissues covers cell membranes, cytoplasm, organelles, cell division and the transport of substances into and out of cells. It also explains the four basic tissues, epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous, including their structure, functions and locations, with a distinction between tissue organization and organ structure.
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40 questions · page 2 of 2
21. Which part of the cell contains the organelles and supports many of the cell's chemical reactions?
- A. Cytoplasm
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Nucleolus
- D. Extracellular matrix
Explanation: The cytoplasm includes the cytosol and the organelles, and it is the site of many metabolic reactions.
Correct answer: Cytoplasm- A. Phagocytosis
- B. Osmosis
- C. Exocytosis
- D. Simple diffusion
Explanation: Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis in which a cell membrane surrounds and encloses a solid particle.
Correct answer: Phagocytosis- A. Exocytosis
- B. Phagocytosis
- C. Osmosis
- D. Filtration
Explanation: Exocytosis uses secretory vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents outside the cell.
Correct answer: Exocytosis- A. Nucleus
- B. Golgi apparatus
- C. Centrosome
- D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: The nucleus contains most of the cell's genetic material and regulates gene expression and cell activities.
Correct answer: Nucleus- A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- C. Lysosome
- D. Ribosome
Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis, steroid production, and detoxification.
Correct answer: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum- A. Meiosis
- B. Mitosis
- C. Binary fission
- D. Budding
Explanation: Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half and produces sex cells for sexual reproduction.
Correct answer: Meiosis- A. Elastic cartilage
- B. Hyaline cartilage
- C. Dense regular tissue
- D. Adipose tissue
Explanation: Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibres and supports structures that must maintain shape while bending, such as the external ear.
Correct answer: Elastic cartilage- A. Several layers of closely packed cells
- B. A single layer of flat cells
- C. A network of contractile fibres
- D. A matrix rich in calcium salts
Explanation: Stratified epithelium has several cell layers and protects underlying tissues from abrasion and injury.
Correct answer: Several layers of closely packed cells- A. Supporting and insulating neurons
- B. Producing antibodies in plasma
- C. Storing calcium in bone
- D. Contracting to move a joint
Explanation: Neuroglia support, protect, nourish, and in some cases insulate neurons, helping nervous tissue function properly.
Correct answer: Supporting and insulating neurons- A. It contains several tissue types working together
- B. It contains only one kind of specialised cell
- C. It consists only of extracellular fibres
- D. It is made only of a fluid matrix
Explanation: An organ is formed from two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions.
Correct answer: It contains several tissue types working together- A. Phospholipid bilayer
- B. Membrane cholesterol
- C. Surface glycocalyx
- D. Cytoplasmic microtubule
Explanation: Cholesterol helps regulate membrane fluidity and provides stability, especially when temperature changes.
Correct answer: Membrane cholesterol- A. The cell swells rapidly
- B. The cell shrinks gradually
- C. The cell keeps a similar volume
- D. The cell bursts after exposure
Explanation: An isotonic solution causes no significant net movement of water, so the cell maintains a similar volume.
Correct answer: The cell keeps a similar volume- A. Simple diffusion
- B. Facilitated diffusion
- C. Active transport
- D. Osmotic movement
Explanation: Active transport uses energy, usually ATP, to move substances against their concentration gradient through transport proteins.
Correct answer: Active transport- A. Phagocytosis
- B. Pinocytosis
- C. Exocytosis
- D. Simple diffusion
Explanation: Pinocytosis is the uptake of extracellular fluid and dissolved substances into small vesicles.
Correct answer: Pinocytosis- A. Simple cuboidal epithelium
- B. Simple squamous epithelium
- C. Stratified squamous epithelium
- D. Transitional epithelium
Explanation: Stratified squamous epithelium has multiple layers and protects areas exposed to friction, such as the skin.
Correct answer: Stratified squamous epithelium- A. Elastic connective tissue
- B. Adipose connective tissue
- C. Hyaline cartilage
- D. Dense regular connective tissue
Explanation: Elastic connective tissue contains elastic fibres that allow structures to stretch and return to their original shape.
Correct answer: Elastic connective tissue- A. Skeletal muscle tissue
- B. Cardiac muscle tissue
- C. Smooth muscle tissue
- D. Nervous tissue
Explanation: Smooth muscle is involuntary and occurs in the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs.
Correct answer: Smooth muscle tissue- A. Storing calcium in the skeleton
- B. Transmitting electrical signals
- C. Producing red blood cells
- D. Secreting digestive enzymes
Explanation: Nervous tissue receives stimuli and transmits electrical signals for communication and coordination.
Correct answer: Transmitting electrical signals- A. Cells form tightly packed layers
- B. Cells are separated by matrix
- C. Cells contract in regular waves
- D. Cells conduct rapid impulses
Explanation: Connective tissue is characterized by cells distributed within an extracellular matrix containing ground substance and fibres.
Correct answer: Cells are separated by matrix- A. Nucleolus
- B. Centrosome
- C. Lysosome
- D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: The nucleolus produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits before they move into the cytoplasm.
Correct answer: Nucleolus