Free Cells and Tissues MCQs with Answers
40 Cells and Tissues MCQs from Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Cells and tissues covers cell membranes, cytoplasm, organelles, cell division and the transport of substances into and out of cells. It also explains the four basic tissues, epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous, including their structure, functions and locations, with a distinction between tissue organization and organ structure.
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- A. Ribosome
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Lysosome
- D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: Mitochondria produce most cellular ATP through aerobic respiration. Ribosomes make proteins, lysosomes digest materials, and the Golgi…
Correct answer: Mitochondrion- A. It loses water and shrinks
- B. It gains water and may burst
- C. It actively pumps out all water
- D. It remains unchanged because water cannot cross
Explanation: A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell, so water enters by osmosis.
Correct answer: It gains water and may burst- A. Water enters cells and they swell
- B. Water leaves cells and they shrink
- C. Solutes leave cells by simple diffusion
- D. The cell membrane becomes completely impermeable
Explanation: In a hypertonic solution, water moves out of cells toward the higher solute concentration.
Correct answer: Water leaves cells and they shrink- A. Osmosis
- B. Simple diffusion
- C. Facilitated diffusion
- D. Active transport
Explanation: Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires cellular energy, usually ATP.
Correct answer: Active transport- A. Golgi apparatus
- B. Nucleolus
- C. Mitochondrion
- D. Centrosome
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts and packages proteins into vesicles.
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus- A. Meiosis
- B. Mitosis
- C. Fertilization
- D. Crossing over
Explanation: Mitosis produces two genetically similar daughter cells and maintains the chromosome number.
Correct answer: Mitosis- A. Epithelial tissue
- B. Connective tissue
- C. Muscular tissue
- D. Nervous tissue
Explanation: Epithelial tissue covers surfaces, lines cavities and forms glands. Connective tissue supports and binds, muscular tissue produces…
Correct answer: Epithelial tissue- A. Epithelial tissue
- B. Connective tissue
- C. Cardiac muscle tissue
- D. Nervous tissue
Explanation: Tendons and ligaments are dense connective tissues rich in collagen fibres.
Correct answer: Connective tissue- A. It is voluntary and lacks striations
- B. It is involuntary and has intercalated discs
- C. It has no actin or myosin filaments
- D. It is found mainly in the walls of the intestine
Explanation: Cardiac muscle is involuntary, striated and contains intercalated discs that help coordinate contraction.
Correct answer: It is involuntary and has intercalated discs- A. Epithelial tissue
- B. Adipose connective tissue
- C. Muscular tissue
- D. Nervous tissue
Explanation: Nervous tissue receives and transmits electrical impulses through neurons.
Correct answer: Nervous tissue- A. A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
- B. A cellulose wall with open pores
- C. A protein capsule without lipids
- D. A glycogen layer around the cytoplasm
Explanation: The plasma membrane is mainly a phospholipid bilayer containing proteins that regulate movement into and out of the cell.
Correct answer: A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins- A. Ribosomes
- B. Centrioles
- C. Lysosomes
- D. Peroxisomes
Explanation: Ribosomes join amino acids together to form proteins, either freely in the cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Correct answer: Ribosomes- A. Lysosome
- B. Nucleolus
- C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Centrosome
Explanation: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down worn-out organelles and cellular waste.
Correct answer: Lysosome- A. Storage and expression of genetic information
- B. Production of most cellular ATP
- C. Digestion of bacteria and debris
- D. Formation of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer
Explanation: The nucleus stores DNA and regulates cell activities by controlling gene expression and protein production.
Correct answer: Storage and expression of genetic information- A. Facilitated diffusion
- B. Primary active transport
- C. Phagocytosis
- D. Exocytosis
Explanation: Facilitated diffusion uses a membrane channel or carrier to move a substance down its concentration gradient without ATP.
Correct answer: Facilitated diffusion- A. Replication of DNA
- B. Destruction of the nucleus
- C. Secretion of digestive enzymes
- D. Fusion of two daughter cells
Explanation: DNA replication occurs during interphase before mitosis, producing a copy of each chromosome for the future daughter cells.
Correct answer: Replication of DNA- A. Simple squamous epithelium
- B. Stratified squamous epithelium
- C. Simple cuboidal epithelium
- D. Transitional epithelium
Explanation: Simple squamous epithelium is only one cell layer thick, so it permits efficient diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli.
Correct answer: Simple squamous epithelium- A. Adipose tissue
- B. Areolar tissue
- C. Dense regular tissue
- D. Elastic cartilage
Explanation: Adipose tissue stores energy, provides insulation and cushions body structures, including areas over bony prominences.
Correct answer: Adipose tissue- A. Smooth muscle
- B. Skeletal muscle
- C. Cardiac muscle
- D. Striated voluntary muscle
Explanation: Smooth muscle is involuntary and nonstriated, and it forms much of the muscular wall of the intestine.
Correct answer: Smooth muscle- A. Several tissue types working together
- B. Only epithelial cells in several layers
- C. One type of connective tissue throughout
- D. A group of identical cells with no supporting tissue
Explanation: An organ is made of at least two different tissue types that work together for a specific function.
Correct answer: Several tissue types working togetherCells and Tissues MCQs: common questions
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