All Free Medical Surgical Nursing MCQs with Answers
Every Medical Surgical Nursing question in the bank, across all chapters, each with the correct answer and a written explanation. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
600 questions · page 28 of 30
- A. Discard the first morning urine, then collect every void for 24 hours
- B. Collect only the first morning urine and send it to the laboratory
- C. Begin collecting after breakfast and stop at bedtime the same day
- D. Save the first urine, then discard the final urine at the end
Explanation: The first morning urine is discarded to start the timed collection with an empty bladder, and every urine specimen after that is saved for…
Correct answer: Discard the first morning urine, then collect every void for 24 hours- A. Prerenal injury caused by reduced circulating volume
- B. Intrinsic injury caused by damage to renal tubules
- C. Postrenal injury caused by ureteric obstruction
- D. Functional injury caused by temporary urinary retention
Explanation: Gentamicin can injure renal tubular cells, causing intrinsic acute kidney injury and granular casts.
Correct answer: Intrinsic injury caused by damage to renal tubules- A. Increased plasma oncotic pressure draws fluid into vessels
- B. Reduced plasma oncotic pressure allows fluid into tissues
- C. Increased renal filtration removes excess tissue fluid
- D. Reduced capillary permeability prevents fluid reabsorption
Explanation: Heavy urinary protein loss lowers serum albumin and reduces plasma oncotic pressure, so fluid moves from the intravascular space into the…
Correct answer: Reduced plasma oncotic pressure allows fluid into tissues- A. Keep the drainage bag below bladder level
- B. Disconnect the tubing daily to rinse the bag
- C. Empty the bag only when it is completely full
- D. Place the drainage bag on the patient’s bed during transfers
Explanation: Keeping the drainage bag below bladder level promotes closed-system drainage and prevents backflow of contaminated urine.
Correct answer: Keep the drainage bag below bladder level- A. Apply gentle continuous pressure with sterile gauze
- B. Place an ice pack directly over the fistula site
- C. Clean the site vigorously with an antiseptic solution
- D. Apply a tight circumferential bandage around the arm
Explanation: Gentle continuous pressure controls bleeding while avoiding impairment of fistula circulation.
Correct answer: Apply gentle continuous pressure with sterile gauze- A. White blood cell casts
- B. Occasional squamous epithelial cells
- C. Small numbers of mucus threads
- D. A few calcium oxalate crystals
Explanation: White blood cell casts form within renal tubules and strongly suggest renal inflammation, such as pyelonephritis.
Correct answer: White blood cell casts- A. Grilled chicken, white rice, and a low-sodium salad
- B. Cured meat, cheese, and a large serving of lentils
- C. Banana smoothie, tomato soup, and salted crackers
- D. Pickle sandwich, dried fruit, and packaged noodle soup
Explanation: A low-sodium meal with an appropriate protein portion is generally suitable for chronic kidney disease, although potassium, phosphate…
Correct answer: Grilled chicken, white rice, and a low-sodium salad- A. Diphenhydramine
- B. Amoxicillin
- C. Ferrous sulfate
- D. Omeprazole
Explanation: Diphenhydramine has anticholinergic effects that can reduce detrusor contraction and worsen urinary retention.
Correct answer: Diphenhydramine- A. Mild soreness at the biopsy site
- B. Pink-tinged urine that rapidly becomes bright red
- C. A request for assistance with oral hygiene
- D. A blood pressure of 126/78 mmHg while resting
Explanation: Rapidly increasing bright-red hematuria may indicate renal bleeding after biopsy and requires prompt assessment and reporting.
Correct answer: Pink-tinged urine that rapidly becomes bright red- A. Assess the site and notify the renal team promptly
- B. Apply talcum powder around the exit site
- C. Ignore the finding unless the drainage becomes cloudy
- D. Remove the catheter immediately at the bedside
Explanation: Redness, warmth, and purulent drainage suggest an exit-site infection and require prompt assessment and treatment to prevent spread into…
Correct answer: Assess the site and notify the renal team promptly- A. Place the patient in a high-Fowler position and administer prescribed oxygen
- B. Encourage the patient to lie flat and rest quietly
- C. Offer oral fluids before giving respiratory medicines
- D. Begin chest percussion over the affected lung area
Explanation: High-Fowler positioning improves lung expansion, while prescribed oxygen supports breathing during the acute attack.
Correct answer: Place the patient in a high-Fowler position and administer prescribed oxygen- A. Wheeze
- B. Pleural friction rub
- C. Bronchial breathing
- D. Absent breath sounds
Explanation: A wheeze is a musical, continuous sound caused by narrowed airways, as occurs in asthma.
Correct answer: Wheeze- A. Apply prescribed controlled oxygen and reassess the patient
- B. Withhold oxygen because it may suppress breathing
- C. Ask the patient to breathe into a paper bag
- D. Place the patient flat and encourage sleep
Explanation: The nurse should provide controlled oxygen as prescribed and closely reassess respiratory status, because hypoxemia is an immediate…
Correct answer: Apply prescribed controlled oxygen and reassess the patient- A. The patient reports pleuritic chest discomfort
- B. The patient has a temperature of 38.3°C
- C. The patient is confused and remains severely hypoxemic
- D. The patient has a productive cough with yellow sputum
Explanation: Confusion with severe hypoxemia indicates inadequate oxygen delivery to the brain and possible respiratory failure.
Correct answer: The patient is confused and remains severely hypoxemic- A. Preoxygenate the patient and apply suction while withdrawing the catheter
- B. Advance the catheter while continuous suction is applied
- C. Apply suction for 30 seconds during each catheter pass
- D. Instil routine sterile water before every suction pass
Explanation: Preoxygenation reduces the risk of hypoxemia, and suction is applied during withdrawal rather than insertion.
Correct answer: Preoxygenate the patient and apply suction while withdrawing the catheter- A. I will rinse my mouth after using this inhaler
- B. I will use it only when a sudden attack begins
- C. I will stop it once my breathing feels normal
- D. I will expect it to provide immediate bronchodilation
Explanation: Rinsing the mouth after an inhaled corticosteroid helps prevent oral candidiasis and hoarseness.
Correct answer: I will rinse my mouth after using this inhaler- A. Place the patient in an airborne infection isolation room and use a fit-tested respirator
- B. Place the patient in a standard room and use only a surgical mask
- C. Use contact precautions with gown and gloves for every interaction
- D. Keep the patient in a positive-pressure room with no respiratory protection
Explanation: Pulmonary tuberculosis spreads through airborne particles, so airborne precautions, appropriate ventilation and a fit-tested respirator…
Correct answer: Place the patient in an airborne infection isolation room and use a fit-tested respirator- A. Position the patient upright and monitor respiratory status
- B. Place the patient flat with the affected side uppermost
- C. Encourage forceful coughing every five minutes
- D. Apply pressure over the affected chest wall
Explanation: An upright position promotes lung expansion and eases ventilation while the patient is assessed for worsening distress.
Correct answer: Position the patient upright and monitor respiratory status- A. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
- B. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
- C. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
- D. Fully compensated metabolic alkalosis
Explanation: The low pH shows acidosis, and the raised PaCO2 identifies a respiratory cause.
Correct answer: Uncompensated respiratory acidosis- A. Call for emergency assistance and prepare for immediate chest decompression
- B. Encourage incentive spirometry and reassess in one hour
- C. Place the patient in a flat position and give oral fluids
- D. Apply a warm compress and continue routine observations
Explanation: Tension pneumothorax can rapidly obstruct venous return and cause obstructive shock, so emergency assistance and immediate decompression…
Correct answer: Call for emergency assistance and prepare for immediate chest decompression