All Free Management Sciences MCQs with Answers

• A. Efficiency means using resources economically, while effectiveness means achieving objectives
• B. Efficiency means achieving objectives, while effectiveness means reducing employee costs
• C. Efficiency means increasing authority, while effectiveness means reducing supervision
• D. Efficiency means planning activities, while effectiveness means assigning duties

Explanation: Efficiency concerns the economical use of resources such as time, money and labour.

• A. Procedure
• B. Policy
• C. Strategy
• D. Mission

Explanation: A procedure gives a chronological or detailed method for performing a repeated activity.

• A. Conceptual skill
• B. Technical skill
• C. Mechanical skill
• D. Clerical skill

Explanation: Conceptual skill enables senior managers to understand the organisation as a whole and relate it to its environment.

• A. Line authority
• B. Staff authority
• C. Functional advice
• D. Informal influence

Explanation: Line authority is the direct chain of command used to make decisions and give orders to subordinates.

• A. Equity
• B. Discipline
• C. Remuneration
• D. Centralisation

Explanation: The principle of equity requires managers to combine fairness, justice and impartial treatment in dealing with employees.

• A. Suggest and carry out useful plans
• B. Receive orders from several supervisors
• C. Keep all decisions at the top
• D. Remain in one position permanently

Explanation: Initiative means allowing employees to propose ideas and take suitable action within organisational limits.

• A. Building team spirit and unity
• B. Matching authority with responsibility
• C. Maintaining a formal chain of command
• D. Dividing work into specialised tasks

Explanation: Esprit de corps promotes harmony, loyalty and team spirit among employees.

• A. Plans provide standards that control uses for comparison
• B. Control eliminates the need to set organisational objectives
• C. Planning begins only after performance has been measured
• D. Control assigns employees to jobs created by staffing

Explanation: Control compares actual performance with standards, and those standards commonly arise from plans and objectives.

• A. It is clear and measurable
• B. It is broad and impossible to verify
• C. It changes whenever performance falls short
• D. It applies only after corrective action

Explanation: A clear and measurable standard allows actual results to be compared objectively with expected results.

• A. Stability of personnel
• B. Subordination of interest
• C. Unity of direction
• D. Order

Explanation: Stability of personnel recognises that frequent employee turnover reduces experience, continuity and organisational effectiveness.

• A. Strategic plan
• B. Tactical plan
• C. Standing plan
• D. Contingency plan

Explanation: A tactical plan converts broad strategic objectives into departmental or functional targets and actions.

• A. A fair return for their services
• B. Complete control over pay decisions
• C. Equal salaries regardless of work
• D. Rewards based only on seniority

Explanation: The remuneration principle requires compensation to be fair to both employees and the organisation.

• A. Personal interests always guide decisions
• B. Organisational interest takes priority
• C. Managers avoid consulting employees
• D. Employees receive identical rewards

Explanation: This principle means the interest of the organisation should take precedence when it conflicts with an individual interest.

• A. Order
• B. Discipline
• C. Equity
• D. Unity of direction

Explanation: Fayol's principle of order requires the right person and the right material to be in the right place.

• A. Line authority
• B. Functional authority
• C. Staff authority
• D. Personal authority

Explanation: Functional authority allows a specialist to issue instructions within a defined area of expertise, even across departmental boundaries.

• A. It sets the organisation's broad long-term direction
• B. It lists daily tasks for individual workers
• C. It records completed work at the end of a year
• D. It gives exact steps for routine activities

Explanation: A strategic plan establishes broad long-term objectives and the general direction of the organisation.

• A. Technical skill
• B. Conceptual skill
• C. Manual skill
• D. Clerical skill

Explanation: Conceptual skill involves seeing the organisation as an integrated system and understanding how its parts affect one another.

• A. Departmentalisation by function
• B. Departmentalisation by territory
• C. Departmentalisation by customer
• D. Departmentalisation by product

Explanation: Functional departmentalisation groups jobs such as marketing, finance and production according to the work performed.

• A. Organising
• B. Controlling
• C. Directing
• D. Evaluating

Explanation: Organising identifies required tasks, groups related work and assigns resources and relationships before implementation.

• A. Planning as a continuous process
• B. Delegation as permanent transfer
• C. Authority as personal influence
• D. Staffing as employee placement

Explanation: Planning continues as conditions change, so managers may revise objectives, assumptions and actions.