Free Theories of International Relations MCQs with Answers

• A. the concept of balance of power, which relies on states balancing each other through roughly equivalent military might.
• B. the concept of separate, autonomous actors.
• C. the belief that state cannot assess their interests via a cost-benefit analysis.
• D. the assumption that women are just as prone to violence as men.

Explanation: Difference feminists criticise realism's image of states as separate, autonomous and self-sufficient actors, qualities traditionally coded…

• A. workers.
• B. peasants.
• C. white-collar workers.
• D. militarists.

Explanation: Marx expected industrial workers to be the main revolutionary class, but many major twentieth-century revolutions, including those in…

• A. norm entrepreneurs.
• B. collective security agreements.
• C. statesmen and diplomats.
• D. peace studies theorists.Educational Resources

Explanation: Constructivists describe norm entrepreneurs as actors who promote new standards of appropriate behaviour and persuade others to adopt…

• A. Constructivism
• B. Feminism
• C. Peace studies
• D. Hegemonic stability theory

Explanation: Constructivism treats identities and interests as socially formed through interaction, rather than as fixed features of states.

• A. a central plank of liberal internationalist thought.
• B. that liberal polities exhibit restrain in their relations with other liberal polities.
• C. that liberal polities are imprudent in relations with authoritarian states.
• D. all of the above.Pakistan Current Affairs

Explanation: Democratic peace theory is associated with liberal internationalism, argues that democracies rarely fight one another, and generally holds…

• A. communist governments.
• B. other democratic governments.
• C. authoritarian regimes.
• D. military dictatorships.Government

Explanation: The democratic peace proposition holds that democratic governments are least likely to fight other democratic governments.

• A. mirror image
• B. transference.
• C. selective perception.
• D. projection.

Explanation: Projection occurs when a person attributes their own feelings, motives or impulses to another actor.

• A. wishful thinking.
• B. bounded rationality.
• C. groupthink.
• D. selective perception.

Explanation: Selective perception means filtering information so that some facts are noticed or admitted while others are ignored.

• A. U.S war with Iraq (2003)
• B. Cuban Missile Crisis
• C. Iran-Contra scandal
• D. All of these: the Iran-Contra scandal, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the 2003 U.S war with Iraq

Explanation: Groupthink occurs when a cohesive group suppresses dissent and accepts a flawed consensus.

• A. groupthink
• B. de-optimizing.
• C. parochialism.
• D. bureaucratic politics.

Explanation: Groupthink is the pressure within a group to conform to an apparent consensus, even when that consensus leads to a bad decision.

• A. government bargaining
• B. rational actor
• C. organizational process
• D. interagency

Explanation: The government-bargaining model treats foreign policy as the outcome of negotiation and competition among agencies with different…

• A. ordering goals by importance precedes listing alternatives to achieve goals.
• B. investigating the consequences of alternatives precedes ordering goals by importance.
• C. ordering goals by importance precedes clarifying goals.
• D. there is no emphasis on the relative costs and benefits of each option.Pakistan Current Affairs

Explanation: The rational model first identifies and ranks goals, then develops alternatives and compares their expected costs and benefits.

• A. the Prisoner's Dilemma game
• B. the bureaucratic politics model
• C. geopolitics
• D. peace studies

Explanation: Neoliberals use the repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma to show that actors may cooperate when interaction is repeated, reputations matter, and…

• A. global
• B. individual
• C. domestic
• D. interstate

Explanation: Liberal institutionalism focuses on how states interact through international institutions, rules, and regimes.

• A. difference
• B. Marxist
• C. postmodern
• D. liberal

Explanation: Difference feminism argues that women possess distinctive experiences or qualities that can contribute to politics and international…

• A. setting goals.
• B. calculating the cost and benefits of each possible course of action.
• C. evaluating the relative importance of goals.
• D. all of these: setting goals, evaluating their relative importance, and calculating the costs and benefits of each possible course of action.

Explanation: The rational actor model involves setting goals, ranking them by importance, and comparing the costs and benefits of available courses of…

• A. OPEC
• B. the EU
• C. NATO
• D. NAFTA

Explanation: The European Union represents the deepest form of liberal institutionalism because states have pooled sovereignty and created binding…

• A. liberal
• B. difference
• C. postmodern
• D. standpoint

Explanation: Postmodern feminists treat gender differences as socially constructed rather than fixed biological facts, so they can be arbitrary…

• A. liberal
• B. postmodern
• C. revolutionary
• D. standpoint

Explanation: Liberal feminism argues that women and men possess equal rights and capabilities and should receive equal opportunities in political…

• A. Concept in integration theory that indicates that states remain in control of the process and that common of the process and that common institutions merely facilitate decision-making among state representatives
• B. Concept in integration theory that implies the creation of common institutions having independent decision-making authority and thus the ability to impose certain decision and rules on member states
• C. Concept in neo-functionalist integration theory, indicating that there is a integration spillover
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Supranationalism gives common institutions authority to make decisions independently of individual member governments, with rules that can…