All Free International Relations MCQs with Answers

• A. states find it difficult to distinguish between victim and aggressor in international conflicts
• B. it assumes that all aggression is wrong
• C. historical enmity or friendship complicates the working of the system
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Collective security requires identifying aggression, treating aggression as unacceptable and overcoming states’ conflicting friendships or…

• A. a central problem of international security because it is the dominant discourse of power and rule
• B. a statist ideology out of touch with the reality of globalization
• C. unable to take into consideration the enormous complexity and indeterminacy of human behaviour historical roots
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Post-modernists criticize realism for privileging the state and power, treating its categories as dominant knowledge, and simplifying…

• A. International society which allows for different values to coexist
• B. International society in which states are aware of sharing common values, but these are limited to norms of sovereignty and non-intervention
• C. International society in which states can choose among several international institutions to join
• D. None of the above

Explanation: A pluralist international society accepts coexistence among states with different values, relying mainly on minimum rules such as…

• A. International society in which states show solidarity to their regional interests
• B. International society in which states assign more than 1% of their GDP to foreign aid and possible humanitarian interventions
• C. International society in which states agree on universal standards of justice and morality
• D. International society that counts on a repaid deployment international force in case a humanitarian interventions is required

Explanation: A solidarist international society accepts universal standards of justice and morality, rather than limiting cooperation to regional…

• A. A human association in which members share common symbols and wish to cooperate to realize common objectives
• B. A community that wishes to govern itself and be free from alien rule
• C. A community in which the state claims legitimacy on grounds that it represents them
• D. A community that feels loyalty to a nation-state

Explanation: A political community in this context is a group seeking collective self-government and freedom from external rule, closely corresponding…

• A. A condition in which warfare is a recurrent feature of the relations between states not the least because they regard it as inevitable
• B. A condition in which political power is dispersed between local national, and supranational institutions, none of which command supreme loyalty
• C. A condition in which international organizations, transnational corporations and so forth are accountable to the peoples of the world
• D. A condition in which human labour and its products are sold and bought in the market place

Explanation: Neo-medievalism describes authority being divided among local, national, and supranational institutions, with no single power receiving…

• A. Power that can be projected deep into society
• B. Power based on controlling the instruments of violence
• C. Power that can be projected across whole territories
• D. Power that a state holds by virtue of its population

Explanation: Intensive power is the state's capacity to penetrate and regulate society deeply, reaching into citizens' everyday lives.

• A. A state that has collapsed and cannot provide for its citizens
• B. A product of globalization whereby international institutions and global markets are accountable to people of a state
• C. A state which has negative sovereignty but lacks positive sovereignty
• D. None of the above

Explanation: A quasi-state possesses negative sovereignty, meaning other states formally recognise its independence, but lacks positive sovereignty…

• A. It argues that Western liberal democracy had solved the social conflicts which earlier dominated industrial societies
• B. It assumes that non-Western societies will follow the Western path of economic and political development
• C. It argues that Western liberal democracies today are faced with conflict different form, those that dominated industrial societies
• D. a and b

Explanation: Modernization theory treats Western development as a model that non-Western societies are expected to follow, moving toward…

• A. Rights belonging to groups such as minority nations rather than to individuals
• B. Rights unfairly belonging to a privileged group
• C. Rights belonging to a political community
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Group rights are claims held by a collective, such as an ethnic minority or minority nation, rather than only by separate individuals.

• A. They argue that most people value their membership of a political community; they are unlikely to shift their loyalty to the human race
• B. All forms of political community contain the danger of generating the domination or exclusion of significant sections of society
• C. They see globalization weakening community ties
• D. b and c

Explanation: Communitarianism stresses that people normally derive identity and loyalty from political communities rather than from an abstract global…

• A. Fragmentation
• B. Globalization
• C. Nationalism
• D. a and b

Explanation: Fragmentation creates competing identities and authorities, while globalisation loosens the exclusive control of the state over social and…

• A. all forms of knowledge are potentially dangerous as they can lay foundations for power and domination
• B. political perspectives which claim to have uncovered universal truths contain the danger of domination and exclusion
• C. universal human rights culture and doctrine of humanitarian intervention may simply extend Western power over the reset of the world
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Postmodernists question claims to neutral or universal knowledge because such claims may legitimise power and exclusion.

• A. The order in which states have acquired power throughout history
• B. The international convention on order and security
• C. Using individual human beings as units (not states), it assesses the degree of order on the basis of the delivery of certain kinds of goods for humanity as a whole
• D. The same as international order

Explanation: World order broadens the focus beyond relations among states and evaluates order by how far essential goods, such as security and welfare…

• A. The tendency for functional aspects of international relations to be organized around large numbers of states
• B. The transition of a conflict from being between two states to being between several states
• C. The practice of diplomacy by embassies to different countries
• D. Both b and c

Explanation: Multilateralism means organizing international relations around three or more states, usually through common rules or institutions.

• A. Any regular or discernible pattern of relationships that are stable over time, or may additionally refer to a condition that allows certain goals to be achieved
• B. A view of international order that is concerned with peace and stability, rather than with the attainment of other values, such as justice
• C. A distribution of power among a number (at least three) of major powers or 'poles'
• D. The regular patterns of interaction between states, but without implying any shared values between them. This is distinguished from the view of a 'society' of statesHuman Rights & Liberties

Explanation: Minimum order prioritizes peace and stability as the essential requirement of international order, without requiring justice or other…

• A. Globalization
• B. Order
• C. The UN
• D. IGOs

Explanation: Order is the organizing condition that persists despite changes in the nature of states and the tasks they perform.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. It depends on the theoretical approach that is used in the analysis
• D. It depends on the historical background of the identity

Explanation: Identity politics did not begin after the Cold War; nationalism, ethnicity, religion and class had shaped international and domestic…

• A. It lacks order and is anarchical
• B. It is a product of historical transitions of power
• C. It is a product of new technologies that are not regulated
• D. It appears to have negative qualities in abundance, but without any seeming coherence

Explanation: A dystopic absence of order refers to globalization appearing full of harmful or disorienting effects without a clear, coherent organizing…

• A. Has to do with women's role in the global anti-slavery movement
• B. Is committed to the status quo
• C. Pursues knowledge that will lead to changes in favour of a normative ideal, such as gender equality
• D. All of the options given are correct

Explanation: Emancipatory knowledge is critical rather than status-quo oriented: it seeks knowledge that can transform unequal conditions in line with…