All Free Fundamentals of Nursing MCQs with Answers

• A. One bowel movement every two weeks
• B. Three bowel movements daily to three weekly
• C. One bowel movement after every meal
• D. Five bowel movements every morning

Explanation: Normal bowel frequency varies widely, from about three movements per day to three per week.

• A. Encourage fluids, fibre, and regular activity
• B. Restrict fluids until the stool becomes formed
• C. Administer an antidiarrhoeal medicine routinely
• D. Encourage bed rest until bowel sounds increase

Explanation: Opioids slow intestinal motility and commonly cause constipation. Fluids, dietary fibre, activity, and a prescribed bowel regimen help…

• A. Offer regular toileting and provide privacy
• B. Limit oral fluids to reduce bowel movements
• C. Keep the patient in bed until the episode stops
• D. Delay cleansing until the scheduled bath time

Explanation: Regular toileting, privacy, and prompt assistance reduce accidents while preserving dignity.

• A. When it is completely full and heavy
• B. When it is about one-third to one-half full
• C. Only when the patient changes the appliance
• D. When the stoma stops producing output

Explanation: Emptying the pouch when it is about one-third to one-half full prevents excessive weight from pulling on the seal and skin.

• A. Moist pink stoma with liquid output
• B. Urine output of 20 mL in the last hour
• C. Mild gas passing into the pouch
• D. Small amount of mucus from the rectum

Explanation: An ileostomy can cause substantial fluid and electrolyte loss, so urine output of 20 mL in one hour may indicate hypovolaemia or reduced…

• A. Save the first urine and end with the next morning urine
• B. Discard the first urine and save every specimen afterward
• C. Collect only the urine passed after meals
• D. Stop collecting whenever the container becomes half full

Explanation: The first void is discarded to mark the start time, and all urine passed during the following 24 hours is collected, including the final…

• A. Increase the flow rate to complete the procedure
• B. Stop or slow the flow and assess the patient
• C. Continue the procedure without speaking to the patient
• D. Add more solution to overcome the cramping

Explanation: Severe cramping may result from rapid instillation or excessive bowel stimulation.

• A. A three-lumen indwelling catheter
• B. A single-lumen straight catheter
• C. An external urine collection device
• D. A small feeding tube used as a catheter

Explanation: A three-lumen catheter provides channels for urine drainage, irrigation inflow, and irrigation outflow.

• A. Disconnect the tubing to make transfer easier
• B. Keep the tubing connected and prevent dependent loops
• C. Place the drainage bag on the patient's abdomen
• D. Clamp the catheter for the entire transfer

Explanation: Keeping the system connected reduces contamination, and the tubing should remain free of kinks and dependent loops so urine drains by…

• A. A small amount of burning with the first void
• B. No urine output and increasing lower abdominal discomfort
• C. The patient asks for help walking to the toilet
• D. The patient voids 150 mL four hours later

Explanation: Absent urine with increasing suprapubic discomfort after catheter removal suggests recurrent urinary retention and requires prompt…

• A. Perform pelvic floor muscle exercises regularly
• B. Restrict all fluids after breakfast
• C. Use an indwelling catheter during the day
• D. Delay urination until the bladder feels full

Explanation: Coughing raises intra-abdominal pressure and causes stress incontinence when pelvic floor support is weak.

• A. External condom catheter
• B. Three-way indwelling catheter
• C. Suprapubic catheter
• D. Intermittent straight catheter

Explanation: An external condom catheter collects urine without entering the urethra and can be used when a man voids adequately.

• A. Allow the tubing to pull gently during movement
• B. Secure the catheter without tension
• C. Place the catheter tubing under the patient
• D. Disconnect the tubing for each position change

Explanation: The catheter should be secured without tension to prevent urethral traction and tissue injury.

• A. Wash gently, dry thoroughly, and apply a barrier product
• B. Scrub the skin firmly with antiseptic solution
• C. Leave the skin exposed to urine until the next bath
• D. Apply talcum powder over the moist skin

Explanation: Gentle cleansing, careful drying, and a moisture barrier protect the skin from urine and friction.

• A. Right lateral with the upper leg straight
• B. Left lateral with the upper leg flexed
• C. Supine with both legs extended
• D. Prone with the head turned sideways

Explanation: The left lateral position with the upper leg flexed provides access to the rectum and follows the natural direction of the lower bowel.

• A. Administer a cleansing enema immediately
• B. Offer a high-fibre meal and oral fluids
• C. Keep the patient fasting and notify the prescriber
• D. Encourage vigorous walking around the ward

Explanation: These findings suggest possible intestinal obstruction, so oral intake and enemas may be unsafe.

• A. It is routinely required for every ileostomy
• B. It may be prescribed for selected descending colostomies
• C. It should be performed whenever the stoma looks pink
• D. It replaces the need for a properly fitted pouch

Explanation: Colostomy irrigation may be prescribed for selected patients with a descending or sigmoid colostomy to establish a predictable evacuation…

• A. The ileostomy usually produces little fluid loss
• B. Watery output can cause dehydration and electrolyte loss
• C. Extra fluids prevent all episodes of bowel obstruction
• D. Fluids make the stoma permanently smaller

Explanation: An ileostomy may produce frequent liquid output, leading to loss of water and electrolytes.

• A. Discuss the problem openly at the bedside
• B. Provide privacy and offer a regular toileting schedule
• C. Limit assistance so the patient gains independence quickly
• D. Tell the patient that incontinence is unavoidable with ageing

Explanation: Privacy, respectful communication, and scheduled toileting promote dignity and may reduce episodes by anticipating elimination needs.

• A. Mild straining during a bowel movement
• B. Passing flatus once during the morning
• C. Increasing abdominal distension with vomiting
• D. Preferring to use the toilet after breakfast

Explanation: Distension with vomiting may indicate obstruction or another acute abdominal problem, so a laxative could be harmful before assessment.