All Free Fundamentals of Nursing MCQs with Answers

• A. Soft, formed brown stool passed without straining
• B. Hard, dry stool passed every three days
• C. Loose watery stool passed after each meal
• D. Small pellet-like stool passed with cramping

Explanation: Normal stool is usually soft, formed, and brown, and it passes without excessive straining.

• A. Encourage the patient to drink two glasses of water
• B. Assess the bladder for distension and use a bladder scanner
• C. Insert an indwelling catheter without further assessment
• D. Document the finding as expected after surgery

Explanation: Lower abdominal pressure with scant urine suggests possible urinary retention, so bladder assessment is the priority.

• A. Inject sterile water in the amount printed on the catheter
• B. Inject normal saline until the patient feels pressure
• C. Inject tap water to maintain balloon flexibility
• D. Inject air to make the balloon easier to identify

Explanation: The balloon is inflated with sterile water according to the volume marked on the catheter or device instructions.

• A. On the bed beside the patient's hip
• B. Below bladder level and off the floor
• C. On the mattress above the patient's bladder
• D. On the intravenous stand above the waist

Explanation: Keeping the bag below bladder level allows gravity drainage and reduces backflow of urine.

• A. Suprapubic catheter inserted through the lower abdomen
• B. Condom catheter placed over the penis
• C. Intermittent straight catheter inserted every four hours
• D. Incontinence pad applied beneath the patient

Explanation: A suprapubic catheter drains urine through an opening created above the pubic area and may be used when urethral drainage is unsuitable.

• A. The patient has mild anxiety about the procedure
• B. The patient has suspected intestinal obstruction
• C. The patient asks to use the bathroom afterward
• D. The patient reports a bowel movement yesterday

Explanation: An enema may worsen a suspected intestinal obstruction and can cause complications, so the finding must be reported before the procedure.

• A. I will empty the pouch when it is about one-third to one-half full
• B. I will wait until the pouch is completely full before emptying it
• C. I will clean the stoma with strong antiseptic after every output
• D. I will scrub the stoma firmly to remove its natural mucus

Explanation: Emptying the pouch when it is one-third to one-half full prevents excessive weight and pulling on the appliance seal.

• A. Collect stool after it contacts toilet water
• B. Place the specimen in a clean, dry container without urine
• C. Mix the specimen with disinfectant before sending it
• D. Collect the sample from a bedpan containing urine

Explanation: A stool specimen should be placed in a clean, dry container and kept free from urine, water, and cleaning chemicals.

• A. Clean gently, pat dry, and apply a moisture barrier
• B. Rub the area vigorously with dry gauze after each stool
• C. Apply talcum powder to the moist skin after cleansing
• D. Limit fluid intake to reduce the number of stools

Explanation: Gentle cleansing, patting dry, and a moisture barrier reduce contact with irritating stool and prevent further skin breakdown.

• A. Cut the catheter before deflating the balloon
• B. Deflate the balloon fully before gentle removal
• C. Pull the catheter out while the balloon remains inflated
• D. Clamp the catheter for several hours before removal

Explanation: The retention balloon must be completely deflated before the catheter is gently withdrawn to prevent urethral injury.

• A. Pale yellow urine with a mild odour
• B. Cloudy urine with a strong odour
• C. Bright red urine with small clots
• D. Dark brown urine with a sweet odour

Explanation: Adequate hydration commonly produces pale yellow urine with a mild odour.

• A. Check the tubing for kinks and dependent loops
• B. Remove the catheter and insert another one
• C. Irrigate the catheter with sterile water immediately
• D. Restrict the patient's oral fluids until review

Explanation: The nurse first checks for simple mechanical obstruction, such as a kinked tube or a dependent loop.

• A. From the catheter sampling port using aseptic technique
• B. From the drainage bag after allowing urine to collect
• C. From the catheter tubing after disconnecting the system
• D. From the first urine emptied into a clean bedpan

Explanation: A sterile specimen is collected from the disinfected sampling port using aseptic technique.

• A. A patient with temporary inability to empty the bladder
• B. A patient who prefers not to use a bedpan
• C. A patient with mild stress incontinence on coughing
• D. A patient who needs routine urine monitoring at home

Explanation: Intermittent catheterisation can empty the bladder when a patient has temporary or chronic difficulty voiding.

• A. A small amount of liquid stool leaking around hard stool
• B. Soft formed stool passed every morning
• C. Mild abdominal sounds after eating a meal
• D. One day without a bowel movement in an adult

Explanation: Liquid stool may seep around an impacted mass and is called overflow or paradoxical diarrhoea.

• A. Report the finding promptly to the surgical team
• B. Apply petroleum jelly and reassess it tomorrow
• C. Cover the stoma tightly with a dry dressing
• D. Encourage oral fluids and continue routine care

Explanation: A healthy stoma is moist and pink to red, while a dusky, purple, or cool stoma may indicate impaired blood supply.

• A. Monitor fluid balance and signs of dehydration
• B. Encourage a large serving of raw vegetables
• C. Expect the output to be formed within the first day
• D. Limit all oral fluids to reduce the output

Explanation: An ileostomy commonly produces liquid output, which can cause substantial fluid and electrolyte loss.

• A. Cleanse gently, dry the skin, and apply a moisture barrier
• B. Scrub the perineal area with strong antiseptic after each stool
• C. Leave the skin exposed to stool until the next scheduled bath
• D. Apply talcum powder to all moist skin after each episode

Explanation: Gentle cleansing, careful drying, and a moisture barrier reduce contact with irritating stool and protect the skin.

• A. Leave it as a landmark and insert a new sterile catheter
• B. Remove it, clean the catheter, and use it again
• C. Advance it further and inflate the balloon in the vagina
• D. Withdraw it slightly and redirect the same catheter

Explanation: A catheter placed in the vagina is contaminated and should remain there as a landmark while a new sterile catheter is obtained.

• A. Clean the meatus and catheter from the urethra outward
• B. Pull the catheter gently while cleaning the meatus
• C. Clean from the drainage bag toward the urethral opening
• D. Disconnect the catheter from the bag before cleaning the area

Explanation: Perineal and catheter care is performed from the urethral opening outward, using clean technique according to facility policy.