All Free Fundamentals of Nursing MCQs with Answers
Every Fundamentals of Nursing question in the bank, across all chapters, each with the correct answer and a written explanation. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
500 questions · page 3 of 25
- A. The response of the patient to care
- B. The reason for the patient’s admission
- C. The record of the patient’s diagnosis
- D. The referral made to another department
Explanation: In DAR charting, D means data, A means action, and R means the patient’s response.
Correct answer: The response of the patient to care- A. Recount the medication with another authorised nurse
- B. Change the previous entry to match the remaining stock
- C. Wait until the next shift to investigate the difference
- D. Remove the remaining medication from the treatment room
Explanation: The nurse should immediately perform a witnessed recount and compare the register with the medication administration records.
Correct answer: Recount the medication with another authorised nurse- A. The patient was admitted with pneumonia two days ago
- B. The patient’s oxygen saturation is 88 percent
- C. The patient needs urgent review by the medical officer
- D. The patient is becoming increasingly breathless
Explanation: Background includes relevant history, diagnosis, treatment, and events leading to the current problem.
Correct answer: The patient was admitted with pneumonia two days ago- A. Adding the date, time, signature, and professional designation
- B. Writing the entry at the end of the shift without a time
- C. Using the initials of another nurse who witnessed the care
- D. Leaving space so another nurse can add further information
Explanation: A nursing entry should identify when the care occurred and who documented it, including the nurse’s signature and professional…
Correct answer: Adding the date, time, signature, and professional designation- A. The patient correctly demonstrates the steps and explains when to use it
- B. The patient receives written instructions about the peak-flow meter
- C. The nurse explains the procedure slowly and answers questions
- D. The patient says that the instructions appear easy to understand
Explanation: Return demonstration and patient explanation provide evidence that the patient can perform and understand the skill.
Correct answer: The patient correctly demonstrates the steps and explains when to use it- A. Remain quietly present and allow the patient time to respond
- B. Change the subject to avoid increasing the patient’s distress
- C. Ask several rapid questions to identify the main problem
- D. Tell the patient that remaining positive will make coping easier
Explanation: Therapeutic silence allows the patient time to process feelings and communicate at their own pace.
Correct answer: Remain quietly present and allow the patient time to respond- A. Report the result promptly using a clear, structured message
- B. Record the result and wait for the next routine ward round
- C. Ask the patient’s relative whether the result seems concerning
- D. Send the result to an unrelated ward for a second opinion
Explanation: A dangerously low potassium level can cause serious cardiac dysrhythmias, so it requires prompt reporting to the responsible clinician.
Correct answer: Report the result promptly using a clear, structured message- A. Use an approved trained interpreter for accurate communication
- B. Ask a young family member to translate the clinical questions
- C. Speak much louder and repeat the same English words
- D. Use gestures alone to determine the severity of the pain
Explanation: A trained interpreter improves accuracy, privacy, and informed decision-making.
Correct answer: Use an approved trained interpreter for accurate communication- A. Clarify the allergy and record the verified information
- B. Assume the allergy is to the most common antibiotic
- C. Leave the allergy field blank until the next ward round
- D. Ask the patient to receive the medication and observe closely
Explanation: Unclear allergy information creates an immediate medication safety risk, so the nurse must clarify and verify it before treatment.
Correct answer: Clarify the allergy and record the verified information- A. A private clinical area where unauthorised people cannot hear
- B. The public corridor outside the patient’s room
- C. The hospital cafeteria during the meal break
- D. The lift while travelling to another floor
Explanation: Clinical handover should occur in a private area or at the bedside using an appropriate confidential approach.
Correct answer: A private clinical area where unauthorised people cannot hear- A. Involuntary urine leakage during coughing
- B. Inability to empty the bladder with lower abdominal distension
- C. Continuous dribbling of urine after urgency
- D. Loss of urine before reaching the toilet
Explanation: Urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder and may cause suprapubic distension, discomfort, and frequent small voids.
Correct answer: Inability to empty the bladder with lower abdominal distension- A. Disconnecting the tubing to measure urine separately
- B. Keeping the drainage bag below bladder level
- C. Clamping the catheter every two hours
- D. Placing the drainage bag on the floor
Explanation: The drainage bag stays below bladder level so urine does not flow back into the bladder.
Correct answer: Keeping the drainage bag below bladder level- A. Foley catheter
- B. Suprapubic catheter
- C. Straight catheter
- D. Three-way catheter
Explanation: A straight catheter is inserted to drain the bladder and then removed, so it has no retention balloon.
Correct answer: Straight catheter- A. Increase fibre and fluids gradually
- B. Remain in bed after each meal
- C. Use stimulant laxatives every day
- D. Restrict fluids to prevent abdominal fullness
Explanation: Gradually increasing dietary fibre with adequate fluids and regular activity helps soften stool and improve bowel movement.
Correct answer: Increase fibre and fluids gradually- A. Offer a high-fibre meal
- B. Assess hydration and vital signs
- C. Administer an antidiarrhoeal immediately
- D. Encourage the patient to walk independently
Explanation: The findings suggest fluid volume deficit, so assessment of vital signs, hydration status, and possible orthostatic changes is the…
Correct answer: Assess hydration and vital signs- A. Right lateral position with legs straight
- B. Left lateral position with the right knee flexed
- C. Supine position with both legs extended
- D. Prone position with the head turned sideways
Explanation: The left lateral, or Sims, position follows the natural direction of the lower colon and helps the solution flow more easily.
Correct answer: Left lateral position with the right knee flexed- A. Collect the first urine without cleaning the area
- B. Collect a midstream sample in a sterile container
- C. Pour urine from the bedpan into a clean container
- D. Touch the inside of the container lid before closing it
Explanation: For a clean-catch culture, the patient cleans the urinary opening, begins voiding, collects the midstream urine in a sterile container…
Correct answer: Collect a midstream sample in a sterile container- A. It indicates expected healthy tissue
- B. It indicates early bowel obstruction
- C. It indicates excessive fluid loss
- D. It indicates impaired arterial circulation
Explanation: A healthy stoma is moist and pink to red because it has a good blood supply.
Correct answer: It indicates expected healthy tissue- A. I will delay urination until severe pain occurs
- B. I will follow a planned voiding schedule
- C. I will reduce all fluids during the daytime
- D. I will remain in bed to prevent urine leakage
Explanation: Scheduled voiding helps establish a regular pattern and reduces episodes of urgency and leakage.
Correct answer: I will follow a planned voiding schedule- A. Use clean gloves and touch the catheter freely
- B. Maintain sterile technique during insertion
- C. Apply antiseptic only after the catheter enters the urethra
- D. Inflate the balloon before urine appears
Explanation: Sterile technique during insertion prevents introducing microorganisms into the urinary tract.
Correct answer: Maintain sterile technique during insertion