Free Carboxylic Acid Derivatives MCQs with Answers
50 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives MCQs from Chemistry, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Carboxylic acid derivatives include acid halides, acid anhydrides, esters and amides, formed by replacing the hydroxyl group of a carboxylic acid. Their nomenclature, structures, preparation, hydrolysis and relative reactivity are linked through nucleophilic acyl substitution, which differs from the nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones.
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- A. saponification
- B. esterification
- C. hydrolysis
- D. decarboxylation
Explanation: Esterification joins the two molecules with the elimination of water and is reversible, so the sulphuric acid serves both as catalyst and…
Correct answer: esterification- A. the carboxylic acid and an alkene
- B. an aldehyde and water
- C. the sodium salt of the acid and an alcohol
- D. an amide and hydrogen
Explanation: Alkaline hydrolysis produces the carboxylate salt rather than the free acid, and because that salt cannot react back with the alcohol the…
Correct answer: the sodium salt of the acid and an alcohol- A. the amide
- B. the ester
- C. the carboxylate salt
- D. the acyl chloride
Explanation: Chlorine is a good leaving group and withdraws electron density strongly, so the carbonyl carbon of an acyl chloride is highly electron…
Correct answer: the acyl chloride- A. ethyl ethanoate and hydrogen chloride
- B. ethanoic acid and chlorine
- C. ethane and water
- D. ethanal and hydrogen chloride
Explanation: The alcohol attacks the carbonyl carbon and chloride is expelled, giving the ester rapidly and irreversibly along with fumes of hydrogen…
Correct answer: ethyl ethanoate and hydrogen chloride- A. ethanol
- B. benzene
- C. starch
- D. natural fats and oils, which are esters of glycerol
Explanation: Boiling a fat with sodium hydroxide splits the three ester linkages and gives sodium salts of long chain fatty acids, the soap, together…
Correct answer: natural fats and oils, which are esters of glycerol- A. CONH2, in which nitrogen is bonded directly to the carbonyl carbon
- B. COOH
- C. COOR
- D. COCl
Explanation: In an amide the nitrogen lone pair is delocalised into the carbonyl group, which is why amides are almost neutral rather than basic like…
Correct answer: CONH2, in which nitrogen is bonded directly to the carbonyl carbon- A. ethanoyl chloride, hydrogen chloride and phosphorus oxychloride
- B. chloroethane and water
- C. ethanol and chlorine
- D. ethanal only
Explanation: The hydroxyl group of the acid is replaced by chlorine, giving the far more reactive acyl chloride, and the misty fumes of hydrogen…
Correct answer: ethanoyl chloride, hydrogen chloride and phosphorus oxychloride- A. ethanoic acid and ethanol
- B. ethanol and methanoic acid
- C. ethanoic acid and methanol
- D. ethanal and ethanol
Explanation: The first part of an ester name comes from the alcohol and the second from the acid, so ethyl ethanoate is made from ethanol and ethanoic…
Correct answer: ethanoic acid and ethanol- A. Condensation
- B. Substitution
- C. Elimination
- D. Dehydrogenation
Explanation: A carboxylic acid and an alcohol join with the loss of a small molecule, water, which is the definition of a condensation, and…
Correct answer: Condensation- A. Carbonates
- B. Alkane
- C. Ester
- D. Amide
Explanation: The ammonium carboxylate loses a molecule of water on strong heating and the nitrogen ends up bonded directly to the carbonyl carbon…
Correct answer: Amide- A. Formose
- B. Fructose
- C. Maltose
- D. Xylose
Explanation: In the presence of calcium hydroxide, formaldehyde molecules undergo condensation to form sugars, producing a mixture called formose.
Correct answer: Formose- A. Methanol
- B. Glycol
- C. Glycerol
- D. Sodium hydroxide
Explanation: Saponification is the alkaline hydrolysis of fats or oils, which are esters of glycerol; the reaction produces soap and glycerol.
Correct answer: Glycerol- A. isobutyl formate
- B. octyl acetate
- C. ethyl butyrate
- D. amyl lactate
Explanation: Octyl acetate is an ester with a characteristic orange-like flavour, which is why it is used in flavouring materials.
Correct answer: octyl acetate- A. amyl acetate
- B. sodium butyrate
- C. isobutyle formate
- D. octyl acetate
Explanation: Sodium butyrate is an ionic salt formed from butanoic acid and sodium, so it does not contain the ester linkage R-COO-R.
Correct answer: sodium butyrate- A. ethanol
- B. acetic acid
- C. ethanol and acetic acid
- D. ethanol and sodium acetate
Explanation: In basic hydrolysis, ethyl acetate reacts with sodium hydroxide: CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH -> CH3COONa + C2H5OH.
Correct answer: ethanol and sodium acetate- A. Acid
- B. Alkali
- C. Enzyme and alkali
- D. Enzyme and acid
Explanation: Saponification is the alkaline hydrolysis of fats or oils, which are esters, producing glycerol and the alkali-metal salts of fatty acids…
Correct answer: Alkali- A. Esterification
- B. Decarboxylation
- C. Saponification
- D. Neutralization
Explanation: Esters can be hydrolyzed to form a carboxylate salt and alcohol using KOH and water.
Correct answer: Saponification- A. CH3CI
- B. CH3COCI
- C. CH3COCI2
- D. CH3CH2COCI
Explanation: When PCl5 reacts with acetic acid CH3COOH, an acyl chloride acetyl chloride is formed:CH3COOH + PCl5 CH3COCl +POCl3 +HCl
Correct answer: CH3COCI- A. Raspberry
- B. Pineapple
- C. Jasmine
- D. Apricot
Explanation: Benzyl acetate (C6H5CH2OOCCH3) is an ester that is commonly used as a flavoring and fragrance agent.
Correct answer: Jasmine- A. It forms an acid anhydride
- B. It forms an acyl halide
- C. It does not react due to resonance
- D. It does not react due to bad leaving group
Explanation: When a carboxylic acid reacts with an acyl chloride, it forms an acid anhydride through the elimination of HCl.
Correct answer: It forms an acid anhydrideCarboxylic Acid Derivatives MCQs: common questions
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