Free Kingdom Fungi MCQs with Answers

21. All fungi are:

• A. Have chlorophyll and are autotrophs
• B. Have chlorophyll and are heterotrophs
• C. Lack chlorophyll and are autotrophs
• D. lack chlorophyll and are heterotrophs
• E. Have chlorophyll and are saprophs

Explanation: the correct option is "lack chlorophyll and are heterotrophs." Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that obtain their nutrients by absorbing organic matter from their environment. They rely on external sources for sustenance rather than producing their own food through photosynthesis.

22. Fungi absorb nutrients directly from the living host cytoplasm are called:

• A. Autotrophs
• B. Saprotrophs
• C. Parasites
• D. Predators
• E. Mutualists

Explanation: the correct option is "parasites." Parasitic fungi are organisms that obtain their nutrients by absorbing them directly from the living cytoplasm of a host organism. These fungi typically establish a parasitic relationship with the host, which may result in harm or disease for the host organism. Parasitic fungi have specialized structures, such as haustoria, which allow them to penetrate host tissues and extract nutrients for their own growth and reproduction.

23. Fungi that can grow parasitically on their host as well as by themselves on artificial growth media are:

• A. Predators
• B. Obligate Parasites
• C. Oppurtunitistic Parasites
• D. Facultative Parasites
• E. Mutualists

Explanation: Therefore, the correct option is "facultative parasites" because they can grow and survive both as parasites on a host organism and independently on artificial growth media. Facultative parasites have the flexibility to exploit host organisms when available but can also adapt to alternative sources of nutrients when necessary.

24. "Lichen" are mutualistic and have symbiotic associations between:

• A. Fungi and Nematodes
• B. Fungi and Green Algae
• C. Fungi and roots of vascular plants
• D. Fungi and viruses
• E. Fungi and fungi

Explanation: The correct option is "Fungi and Green Algae." Lichens are composite organisms that result from a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner, typically green algae or cyanobacteria. The fungus provides a protective shelter and absorbs water and nutrients, while the green algae or cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis to produce energy-rich compounds. This mutually beneficial association allows lichens to thrive in a variety of habitats, including harsh environments such as deserts and rocky surfaces.

25. Mycorrhizae are mutualistic and have symbiotic associations between:

• A. Fungi and stems of non-vascular plants
• B. Fungi and stems of vascular plants
• C. Fungi and roots of non-vascular plants
• D. Fungi and roots of vascular plants

Explanation: The correct option is "Fungi and roots of vascular plants." Mycorrhizae are mutualistic associations between fungi and the roots of vascular plants. The association involves the fungal hyphae extending into the root tissues, forming structures that enhance nutrient exchange between the two organisms. The fungi assist the plant in nutrient uptake, particularly in the acquisition of phosphorus and other essential elements, while the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis.

26. pH tolerable by fungi range from:

• A. 2-3
• B. 2-5
• C. 5-7
• D. 2-9
• E. 6-9

Explanation: The correct option is "2-9." The pH range tolerable by fungi typically falls within the range of pH 2 to pH 9. because it represents a broader pH range that encompasses the typical pH tolerance observed in fungi

27. "Breakage of mycelium of hyphal fungi, such that each broken fragment giving rise to a new mycelium" is:

• A. Fragmentation
• B. Sedimentation
• C. Budding
• D. Fermentation
• E. Malformation

Explanation: The correct option is "fragmentation." Fragmentation refers to the process in which the mycelium of hyphal fungi breaks into fragments, with each fragment capable of giving rise to a new mycelium.

28. Regarding Sexual reproduction in Fungi, which one of the following is correct?

• A. Fusion of haploid nuclei and meiosis vary in different groups
• B. Plasmogamy followed by Karyogamy
• C. Karyogamy followed by Plasmogamy
• D. Karyogamy & Plasmogamy occur together
• E. None of the above

Explanation: In fungal sexual reproduction, plasmogamy refers to the fusion of the cytoplasm of two haploid fungal cells, which can be from the same individual (self-fusion) or different individuals (cross-fusion). This fusion results in the formation of a dikaryotic cell, which contains two genetically distinct haploid nuclei in a single cytoplasm. Following plasmogamy, karyogamy occurs. Karyogamy is the fusion of the haploid nuclei within the dikaryotic cell, resulting in the formation of a diploid nucleus. This diploid nucleus then undergoes meiosis, which is a process of cell division that reduces the chromosome number and produces haploid spores.

29. Fungi are classified into 4 division/phyla based on of:

• A. Shape
• B. Size
• C. Sexual reproduction
• D. Asexual reproduction
• E. Nutrition

Explanation: The correct basis for dividing fungi into different divisions or phyla is "sexual reproduction." Fungi are classified primarily based on the characteristics of their sexual reproductive structures, such as the formation of spores and the arrangement of sexual organs. These reproductive structures are essential for distinguishing different groups of fungi and understanding their evolutionary relationships

30. Mucor and Rhizopus are included in phyla/division:

• A. Basidiomycota
• B. Ascomycota
• C. Deutromycota
• D. Zygomycota
• E. None of the above

Explanation: Therefore, the correct option is "Zygomycota" because Mucor and Rhizopus belong to this phylum. Zygomycota fungi are characterized by the formation of zygospores during sexual reproduction, and they often exhibit a fast-growing, fuzzy mycelium.