Free Kidney and Urinary System MCQs with Answers
121 Kidney and Urinary System MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
The kidney and urinary system remove nitrogenous wastes, regulate water and ion balance, and help maintain blood pH through filtration, selective reabsorption and secretion. Questions cover nephron structure, ultrafiltration, the loop of Henle, collecting ducts, urine formation and the roles of ADH and aldosterone, while distinguishing excretion from egestion.
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121 questions · page 6 of 7
- A. Peritubular capillaries
- B. Proximal convoluted tubules
- C. Efferent arterioles
- D. Afferent arterioles
Explanation: Bowman's capsule, a cup-like sac surrounding the glomerulus, is part of the nephron.
Correct answer: Proximal convoluted tubules- A. Glomerulus
- B. Proximal Tubule
- C. Ascending loop
- D. Descending loop
Explanation: The ascending loop is only permeable to salt ions such as Cl- and Na+. The descending loop, on the other hand, is permeable to water.
Correct answer: Ascending loop- A. Efferent arterioles
- B. Renal vein
- C. Vasa recta
- D. Afferent arterioles
Explanation: The renal artery divides to give afferent arterioles which further divide into the glomerulus network at the bowman's capsule, forming the…
Correct answer: Afferent arterioles- A. ADH release will be inhibited
- B. ADH will be released in large amount
- C. Aldosterone will be released
- D. Anterior pituitary will produce ADH
Explanation: The anterior pituitary gland would stop releasing ADH which would consequently make the collecting duct impermeable to water so that…
Correct answer: ADH release will be inhibited- A. Glomerulus.
- B. Influence of aldosterone.
- C. ADH influencing on collecting duct.
- D. Gradual increase in osmolarity from cortex to medullary portion.
Explanation: The major factor in producing hypertonic urine in mammals is gradually increasing osmotic concentration from the cortex to the medulla.
Correct answer: Gradual increase in osmolarity from cortex to medullary portion.- A. Reabsorption
- B. Pressure filtration
- C. Secretion
- D. Differential permeability
Explanation: Pressure filtration at the renal corpuscle is the least selective since all molecules with a molecular mass below 69000 pass through the…
Correct answer: Pressure filtration- A. Efferent arteriole
- B. Afferent arteriole
- C. Peritubular capillaries
- D. Collecting duct
Explanation: At the distal end of the glomerulus, the capillaries rejoin to form the afferent arteriole through which blood leaves the glomerulus.The…
Correct answer: Efferent arteriole- A. Excess of water
- B. Deficiency of minerals.
- C. Deficiency of Minerals
- D. Dehydration
Explanation: Sometimes whole sentence is just for distracting the student, but you have to figure out which is important point.
Correct answer: Dehydration- A. Proximal convoluted tubule cof Nephron
- B. Distal convoluted tubule of Nephron
- C. Glomerulus
- D. Bowman\s capsule
Explanation: Glucose is a polar molecule that dissolves in water and blood plasma. It easily passes through the glomerular basement membrane.
Correct answer: Proximal convoluted tubule cof Nephron- A. Remove kidney stones without surgery
- B. Remove kidney stones with surgery
- C. Treat kidney with medicines
- D. Remove appendix
Explanation: Lithotripsy involves the treatment of stones in the kidneys or ureters by using high-energy shock waves, breaking the stones which can…
Correct answer: Remove kidney stones without surgery- A. Proximal convoluted tubule of nephron
- B. Distal convoluted tubule of nephron
- C. Glomerulus
- D. Bowman capsule
Explanation: The correct option is A. Glucose reabsorption primarily occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) of the nephron in the kidney.
Correct answer: Proximal convoluted tubule of nephron112. A machine that works like a kidney for the removal of nitrogenous wastes from the blood is called
- A. Lithotipser
- B. Heamometer
- C. Dialyzer
- D. None of the above
Explanation: A dialyzer is a machine that functions similarly to a kidney in removing nitrogenous waste from the blood.
Correct answer: Dialyzer- A. Nephritis
- B. Nephrosis
- C. Ptosis
- D. Anuria
Explanation: Anuria is a condition characterized by the absence or significantly reduced production of urine by the kidneys.
Correct answer: Anuria- A. Heart
- B. Liver
- C. Stomach
- D. Kidneys
Explanation: Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's water balance.
Correct answer: Kidneys- A. Polyuria
- B. Glycusuria
- C. Polyphagia
- D. Polydipsia
Explanation: Polydipsia is a medical name for the feeling of extreme thirstiness. Polydipsia is an early symptom of diabetes mellitus and diabetes…
Correct answer: Polydipsia- A. 140 grams
- B. 160 grams
- C. 130 grams
- D. 150 grams
Explanation: The average weight of each human kidney is about 160 grams. This value can vary slightly based on factors such as age, gender, and overall…
Correct answer: 160 grams- A. 70-80%
- B. 80-90%
- C. 60-70%
- D. 60-80%
Explanation: Approximately 80%-90% of all nephrons in the human kidney are cortical nephrons.
Correct answer: 80-90%- A. Ureter
- B. Urethra
- C. Urinary bladde
- D. Pelvis
Explanation: The rare site of infection in the urinary tract is the ureter. The ureter is the tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Correct answer: Ureter- A. Proximal convulated tubule
- B. Glomerulus
- C. Loop of Henle
- D. Bowman's capsule
Explanation: Option C, the "Loop of Henle," is responsible for concentrating urine in the kidney due to its unique anatomical and functional…
Correct answer: Loop of Henle120. Normally the process which exerts the greatest control over the water balance of an individual is:
- A. Sweating
- B. Kidney function
- C. Evaporation through the skin
- D. Respiratory loss
Explanation: Option b is correct. Kidneys play a central role in regulating water balance through processes like filtration, reabsorption, and…
Correct answer: Kidney function