Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
Last updated
Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 76 of 124
- A. 6
- B. 4
- C. 3
- D. 5
Explanation: Only three of the above-mentioned organelles are membrane-bounded. Nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast are membrane-bounded organelles.
Correct answer: 3- A. Phagocytosis
- B. Endocytosis
- C. Pinocytosis
- D. Exocytosis
Explanation: The intake of liquid material by the cell membrane in the form of vacuole is called pinocytosis.
Correct answer: Pinocytosis- A. Algae
- B. Fungi
- C. Bacteria
- D. Plants
Explanation: Bacterial cell wall is made up of unique macromoclecule called peptidoglycan or murein. It is the distinctive feature of prokaryotic cell.
Correct answer: Bacteria- A. Unit membrane
- B. Fluid mosaic
- C. Permeable
- D. Ultracentrifuge
Explanation: According to fluid mosaic model, the protein layers are not continuous and are not confined to the surface of the membrane but are…
Correct answer: Fluid mosaic1505. Endoplasmic reticulum consists of a system of flattened membrane bounded sacs which are named as:
- A. Cristae
- B. Lamellae
- C. Cisternae
- D. Tubes
Explanation: ER consists of a network of membrane-bounded tubules or sacs are called cisternae.
Correct answer: Cisternae- A. Golgi apparatus→ Rough endoplasmic reticulum→ Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum→ Golgi apparatus→ Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum→ Smooth endoplasmic reticulum→ Golgi apparatus
- D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum→ Rough endoplasmic reticulum→ Golgi apparatus
Explanation: For the secretion of glyoprotein from the cell, protein is first synthesized by the ribosomes on RER.
Correct answer: Rough endoplasmic reticulum→ Smooth endoplasmic reticulum→ Golgi apparatus- A. Proteolysis
- B. Peptide bond formation
- C. Glycosidic bond formation
- D. Fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis
Explanation: Granular ER is called so because it has ribosomes attached to its surface. These ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
Correct answer: Peptide bond formation- A. Nucleus
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Cell membrane
- D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: The cell membrane or plasma membrane is very selectively permeable. It allows only a few substances to pass through it through diffusion.
Correct answer: Cell membrane- A. Nucleus
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Chloroplast
Explanation: The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membrane-bound tubules. It does not contain DNA. The nucleus is the brain of the cell.
Correct answer: Endoplasmic reticulum- A. ER
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Golgi bodies
- D. Nucleus
Explanation: Phragmoplast is a structure formed at the cell equator during cell division in plants. Later on, a new cell wall is derived from it.
Correct answer: Golgi bodies- A. 50S
- B. 60S
- C. 70S
- D. 80S
Explanation: The size of ribosome in the organelles of symbiotic origin is 70S. It is similar to bacterial ribosome because these organelles are…
Correct answer: 70S- A. Cell membrane
- B. Cell wall
- C. Cytoplasm
- D. Nucleus
Explanation: Cell wall is a non-living boundary of the cell present only in the plants, algae and fungi. It is absent in animal cells.
Correct answer: Cell wall1513. When viewed through an electron microscope, which structure is surrounded by a double membrane?
- A. Endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Golgi body
- C. Mitochondrion
- D. Ribosome
Explanation: A mitochondrion is a double membrane-bounded organelle. The outer mitochondrial membrane is smooth, while the inner membrane has…
Correct answer: Mitochondrion- A. Muscle cells
- B. Red blood cells
- C. Root hair cells
- D. Xylem vessels
Explanation: Root hair cells are plant cells. They have cytoplasm as well as cell wall as their outermost boundary.
Correct answer: Root hair cells- A. Cell membrane and chloroplasts
- B. Cell membrane and nucleus
- C. Cell wall and chloroplasts
- D. Cell wall and nucleus
Explanation: Cell membrane and nucleus are found in all eukaryotic cells, including plant and animal cells.
Correct answer: Cell membrane and nucleus- A. Option A
- B. Option B
- C. Option C
- D. Option D
Explanation: Storage of carbohydrate is not the function of ER. ER is involved in the synthesis of proteins, lipid metabolism, detoxification of…
Correct answer: Option A- A. Centriole
- B. Golgi apparatus
- C. Lysosome
- D. Mitochondrion
Explanation: Mitochondrion contains its own circular DNA and 70S ribosomes.
Correct answer: Mitochondrion- A. Increased number of golgi apparatus
- B. Increased amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum
- C. Both A and B
- D. None
Explanation: Exocrine cells have secretory function so an increased activity of such cells means increase in number of proteins or other secretions…
Correct answer: Both A and B- A. The formation of new DNA molecules
- B. The organization of the spindle during nuclear division
- C. The replication of mitochondria following nuclear division
- D. The formation of ribosomes
Explanation: Nucleolus is the factory of ribosomes so it is involved in the formation of ribosomes.
Correct answer: The formation of ribosomes- A. Option A
- B. Option B
- C. Option C
- D. Option D
Explanation: The parts of mitochondria are as follows: Outer membrane - Inner membrane - Cristae - Matrix - Intermembrane space.
Correct answer: Option A