Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
Last updated
Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 53 of 124
- A. Algae
- B. Fungi
- C. Bacteria
- D. Plants
Explanation: The correct answer is Bacteria because their cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan, a unique polymer that provides structural integrity…
Correct answer: Bacteria- A. Protein
- B. RNA
- C. Nucleus
- D. Nucleosome
Explanation: Ribosomes are essential cellular organelles tasked with synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences into…
Correct answer: Protein- A. Endoplasmic Reticulum
- B. Golgi Complex
- C. Centriole
- D. Mitochondria
Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for many metabolic processes including: synthesis of lipids, phospholipids as in plasma…
Correct answer: Endoplasmic Reticulum- A. Ribosome
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Lysosome
- D. Nucleolus
Explanation: The mitochondria are known for their double-membrane structure which is essential for their role in energy production.
Correct answer: Mitochondria- A. Cristae
- B. Cisternae
- C. Lamella
- D. Bifida
Explanation: The inner membrane of mitochondria is highly specialized and forms numerous infoldings known as cristae.
Correct answer: Cristae- A. Proteins
- B. Cholesterols
- C. Cytoskeleton
- D. Phospholipids
Explanation: The correct answer is Phospholipids because they form the bilayer that is the defining structure of the plasma membrane.
Correct answer: Phospholipids- A. Prokaryotes
- B. Protists
- C. Fungi
- D. Plants
Explanation: The correct answer is Plants because mature plant cells contain a large central vacuole, which is vital for various functions, including…
Correct answer: Plants- A. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- B. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- C. Golgi apparatus
- D. Lysosomes
Explanation: The detoxification of drugs is the function of SER while protein synthesis is the function of RER.
Correct answer: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- A. Centriole
- B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
- C. Nucleus
- D. Ribosome
Explanation: Ribosomes are the correct answer because they are non-membranous organelles that synthesize proteins and are found in both prokaryotic and…
Correct answer: Ribosome- A. Centrioles
- B. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
- C. Microtubules
- D. Ribosomes
Explanation: Centrioles are the correct answer as they are organelles specific to animal cells and are crucial for organizing microtubules during cell…
Correct answer: Centrioles- A. 80S
- B. 60S
- C. 50S
- D. 70S
Explanation: Prokaryotic ribosomes are characterized by a size of 70S, which is formed by the combination of a 50S large subunit and a 30S small…
Correct answer: 70S- A. Centrioles
- B. Microtubules
- C. Plastids
- D. Sieve tubes
Explanation: Microtubules are cytoskeletal elements that are found in all eukaryotic cells, including both plant and animal cells, but are absent in…
Correct answer: Microtubules- A. Mitochondria
- B. Lysosome
- C. Plastids
- D. Ribosome
Explanation: The correct answer is mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they generate most of the cell's supply…
Correct answer: Mitochondria- A. Polyploid
- B. Polysome
- C. Polynucleotide
- D. Polysaccharide
Explanation: A polyribosome (or polysome or ergosome) is a group of ribosomes bound to an mRNA molecule like "beads" on a "thread".
Correct answer: Polysome- A. 70S
- B. 80S
- C. 60S
- D. 40S
Explanation: Smaller ribosomes (70S) are present in prokaryotic cells, but larger ribosomes (80S) are present in eukaryotic cells.
Correct answer: 70S- A. Phagocytosis
- B. Pinocytosis
- C. Exocytosis
- D. Endocytosis
Explanation: Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large solid particle, giving rise to an internal…
Correct answer: Phagocytosis- A. Ribosome
- B. Endoplasmic reticulum
- C. Nucleolus
- D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: The correct answer is Ribosome. Ribosomes are the cellular organelles where proteins are synthesized by translating messenger RNA (mRNA)…
Correct answer: Ribosome- A. Golgi complex
- B. Nucleus
- C. Endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Vacuoles
Explanation: Vacuole is single membrane bounded organelle. This single membrane bounding vacuole is known as tonoplast.
Correct answer: Vacuoles- A. Leucoplasts
- B. Lysosomes
- C. Glyoxysomes
- D. Peroxisomes
Explanation: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes that digest cellular waste, including old or damaged organelles…
Correct answer: Lysosomes- A. Ribosomes
- B. Lysosomes
- C. Golgi body
- D. Cisternae
Explanation: Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in the cell, where they translate genetic information from mRNA to synthesize polypeptide…
Correct answer: Ribosomes