Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 48 of 124
- A. Centrioles, spindle fibres and chromatin
- B. Centrosome, nucleosome and centrioles
- C. Cilia, flagella and peroxisomes
- D. Spindle fibres, centrioles and cilia
Explanation: Spindle fibres, centrioles, and cilia all contain microtubules. Microtubules are crucial for their structure and function.
Correct answer: Spindle fibres, centrioles and cilia- A. Lysosomes
- B. Nucleus
- C. Mitochondria
- D. Chloroplasts
Explanation: Lysosomes are enclosed by a single membrane and contain hydrolytic enzymes that help in digestion processes within the cell.
Correct answer: Lysosomes- A. Mesosome
- B. Plasma membrane
- C. Nuclear envelope
- D. Ribosome
Explanation: Prokaryotic cells lack a nuclear envelope; their genetic material is located in a region called the nucleoid, not enclosed by a membrane.
Correct answer: Nuclear envelope- A. Endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and nuclei
- B. Lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria
- C. Nuclei, ribosomes, and mitochondria
- D. Chromosomes, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: These organelles are membrane-bound: lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus have single membranes, while mitochondria have double membranes.
Correct answer: Lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria- A. Lysosomes
- B. Mesosomes
- C. Vacuoles
- D. Ribosomes
Explanation: Ribosomes are made of rRNA and proteins and have no membrane. All the other listed organelles (lysosomes, mesosome, vacuoles) are…
Correct answer: Ribosomes- A. Nucleus
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Chloroplast
- D. Ribosomes
Explanation: Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis and are composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins. They do not contain DNA.
Correct answer: Ribosomes- A. Microtubules
- B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Membrane of Golgi complex
Explanation: The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is directly involved in the formation of the nuclear envelope.
Correct answer: Rough endoplasmic reticulum- A. Cisternae
- B. Stroma
- C. Cristae
- D. Grana
Explanation: Grana are stacks of thylakoids within the chloroplasts, where light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur.
Correct answer: Grana- A. Rough ER - Synthesis of glycogen
- B. Rough ER - Oxidation of fatty acids
- C. Smooth ER - Oxidation of phospholipids
- D. Smooth ER - Synthesis of lipids
Explanation: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is crucial for the synthesis of lipids, including phospholipids and fatty acids, and is involved in…
Correct answer: Smooth ER - Synthesis of lipids- A. Glycogen granule
- B. Polysome
- C. Phosphate granule
- D. Cyanophycean granule
Explanation: Polysomes, or polyribosomes, are clusters of ribosomes translating mRNA into proteins and are not considered inclusion bodies.
Correct answer: Polysome- A. Microtubules
- B. Microfilaments
- C. Intermediate filaments
- D. Cilia
Explanation: Microfilaments are fine, thread-like protein fibers, 3-6 nm in diameter.
Correct answer: Microfilaments- A. Mitochondria
- B. Vacuoles
- C. Plastids
- D. Ribosomes
Explanation: Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles that store nutrients and waste products, helping maintain osmotic balance and cell turgor by…
Correct answer: Vacuoles- A. Mitochondria
- B. Dictyosome
- C. Lysosome
- D. Peroxisome
Explanation: Mitochondria have their own DNA. They are doublemembraned organelles found in eukaryotic cells responsible for producing energy through…
Correct answer: Mitochondria- A. Plasmodesmata
- B. Plastoquinones
- C. Endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Plasmalemma
Explanation: Plasmodesmata are microscopic channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells.
Correct answer: Plasmodesmata- A. Muramic acid
- B. Calcium pectate
- C. Phosphoglycerides
- D. Hemicellulose
Explanation: The middle lamella is primarily composed of calcium pectate, which acts as a cementing agent between plant cells.
Correct answer: Calcium pectate- A. Callose deposits
- B. Cellulosic microfibrils
- C. Proteinaceous filaments
- D. Calcium carbonate granules
Explanation: The cytoskeleton is a network inside the cell made up of protein filaments such as microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate…
Correct answer: Proteinaceous filaments- A. Peroxisomes
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Proplastids
- D. Glyoxysomes
Explanation: In germinating seeds, fatty acids are degraded exclusively in glyoxysomes.
Correct answer: Glyoxysomes- A. Lacks a membrane and contains air
- B. Is membrane-bound and contains storage proteins and lipids
- C. Is membrane-bound and contains water, nutrients, and waste products
- D. None of these
Explanation: A vacuole in a plant cell is a membrane-bound organelle that primarily stores water.
Correct answer: Is membrane-bound and contains water, nutrients, and waste products- A. Magnesium
- B. Calcium
- C. Copper
- D. Manganese
Explanation: Ribosomes are composed of two subunits, a small subunit and a large subunit, which remain united with the help of magnesium ions.
Correct answer: Magnesium- A. Glycolipids
- B. Proline
- C. Phospholipids
- D. Cholesterol
Explanation: Proline is an amino acid, not a component of the cell membrane. Membrane structure is mainly composed of lipids and proteins, while…
Correct answer: Proline