Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 46 of 124
- A. Vacuole
- B. Plastids
- C. Lysosomes
- D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, is the organelle that serves as the primary packing and distribution center in eukaryotic cells.
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus- A. Cell differentiation
- B. Chromatography
- C. Cell fractionation
- D. All of these
Explanation: The isolation of different cellular components to determine their chemical composition can be achieved by a technique called cell…
Correct answer: Cell fractionation- A. They contain enzymes which help in conversion of fatty acids into carbohydrate.
- B. They are abundant in soybeans but absent in pea.
- C. They are single membranous organelles.
- D. They are present throughout life of a plant and provide them with energy through Glyoxylate cycle.
Explanation: The statement that glyoxysomes can provide with energy is wrong. They do not have an energy-coupled electron transport system like…
Correct answer: They are present throughout life of a plant and provide them with energy through Glyoxylate cycle.- A. Random
- B. Symmetrical
- C. Asymmetrical
- D. None of these
Explanation: The cell membrane is described by the fluid mosaic model, the mosaic part refers to the asymmetrical random distribution of proteins.
Correct answer: Asymmetrical- A. Nucleus
- B. Cell wall
- C. Cell membrane
- D. All of these
Explanation: Option B is correct since, in a plant cell, the 'cell wall' is the only part that is non-living because it is an extracellular product and…
Correct answer: Cell wall- A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Chloroplasts
- C. Mitochondrion
- D. Golgi complex
Explanation: Option B is correct since enzymes in the 'Calvin cycle' are found in the 'chloroplast stroma' as the Calvin cycle takes place in the…
Correct answer: Chloroplasts- A. The outer leaflet of the plasma membrane
- B. Inner leaflet of the plasma membrane
- C. Evenly distributed in the inner and outer leaflet
- D. None of these
Explanation: Option B is correct since in normal cells, 'phosphatidylserine residues' are found exclusively on the inner side of the cellular membrane.
Correct answer: Inner leaflet of the plasma membrane- A. Amino acids
- B. External phospholipids
- C. Membrane phospholipids
- D. Membrane appendages
Explanation: Option C is correct since integral proteins are embedded in the 'phospholipid bilayer' of the membrane, the mobility of the integral…
Correct answer: Membrane phospholipids- A. 50
- B. 55
- C. 40
- D. 65
Explanation: Option A is correct since proteins constitute 50% percent of the total dry weight of cells and are the most abundant organic compounds…
Correct answer: 50- A. Xylem
- B. Phloem
- C. Meristems
- D. All of these possess secondary cell walls
Explanation: Option C is correct since the cell wall of the meristematic cell is made up of cellulose, the cell wall is thin and flexible while the…
Correct answer: Meristems- A. One which forms the assembly of spindles during mitosis
- B. One involved in internal cell motion
- C. One involved in maintenance of cell shape
- D. All of the above options are correct
Explanation: Microtubules are long, unbranched, sender tubulin protein structures. One very important function of microtubules is their role in the…
Correct answer: One which forms the assembly of spindles during mitosis- A. Microtubules
- B. Plant vacuole
- C. Actin
- D. Glyoxysomes
Explanation: The plant vacuole is the major contributor to the turgor that provides support for the individual plant cell and contributes to the…
Correct answer: Plant vacuole- A. Parenchymatous cells
- B. Chlorenchymatous cells
- C. Meristematic cells
- D. Sclerenchymatous cells
Explanation: The growth and development of plant cells are primarily the role of meristematic cells.
Correct answer: Meristematic cells- A. Bacterial cell has 70S ribosomes whereas a plant cell has 80S ribosomes
- B. Bacterial cell divides by binary fission whereas a plant cell divides by mitosis
- C. Bacterial cells do not have a nuclear membrane whereas plant cells do
- D. None of these options are correct
Explanation: The statement "Bacterial cell has 70S ribosomes whereas a plant cell has 80S ribosomes" is true.
Correct answer: None of these options are correct- A. They are lipid vesicles with their polar heads of phospholipids on the inner and hydrophobic tails on the outer side
- B. They are bilayered spherical bodies
- C. They can easily cross the lipid bilayer
- D. They can be used in drug delivery system
Explanation: The heads (the phospho part) are polar while the tails (the lipid part) are non-polar.
Correct answer: They are lipid vesicles with their polar heads of phospholipids on the inner and hydrophobic tails on the outer side- A. Control of the cell exchange with the outer environment
- B. Meiosis and mitosis
- C. Production of protein
- D. Mechanical support, cell motility and structure maintenance
Explanation: The cytoskeleton is involved in modulating the shape and structure of the cell, providing mechanical support and integrity, and enabling…
Correct answer: Mechanical support, cell motility and structure maintenance917. The endoplasmic reticulum contains a system of flattened membrane-bounded sacs which are named as
- A. Cristae
- B. Marks
- C. Cisternae
- D. Tubules
Explanation: Cisternae are the membrane-bound sacs that make up the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi body.
Correct answer: Cisternae- A. Tonoplast
- B. Golgi bodies
- C. Cytoplasm
- D. SER
Explanation: Ribosomes exist in either the rough endoplasmic reticulum or in the cytoplasm,and their main function is to synthesize proteins.
Correct answer: Cytoplasm- A. Cellulose
- B. Silica
- C. Chitin
- D. Peptidoglycan
Explanation: The prokaryotic cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan.
Correct answer: Peptidoglycan- A. Algae
- B. fungi
- C. Bacteria
- D. Plants
Explanation: The peptidoglycan (murein) sacculus is a unique and essential structural element in the cell wall of most bacteria.
Correct answer: Bacteria