Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 113 of 124
- A. Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells
- B. Prokaryotic cells evolved before eukaryotic cells
- C. Eukaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells possess one.
- D. Eukaryotic cells are simpler, while prokaryotic cells are more complex
Explanation: The correct answer is that prokaryotic cells evolved before eukaryotic cells.
Correct answer: Prokaryotic cells evolved before eukaryotic cells- A. Xanthophylls
- B. Carotenoids
- C. Chlorophylls
- D. Anthocyanins
Explanation: Anthocyanins are the correct answer as they are water-soluble pigments located in the vacuoles of plant cells, contributing to the red…
Correct answer: Anthocyanins- A. Irregular, spherical
- B. Cylindrical, spherical
- C. Elongated, spherical
- D. Ellipsoidal, square
Explanation: The nucleus is primarily spherical in most cells, providing a compact and efficient space for genetic material.
Correct answer: Irregular, spherical- A. All individuals of the same species
- B. All individuals of different species
- C. Few individuals of the same species
- D. Few individuals of different species
Explanation: The number of chromosomes is a fundamental characteristic of a species and is maintained across generations to ensure genetic stability…
Correct answer: All individuals of the same species- A. ER with ribosome and ER without ribosome
- B. ER with cisternae and ER without cisternae
- C. ER with enzymes and ER without enzymes
- D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and sarcoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be categorized into two primary forms based on the presence of ribosomes.
Correct answer: ER with ribosome and ER without ribosome- A. Trans face (maturation face)
- B. Cis face (forming face)
- C. Convex face
- D. Vesicle release face
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus consists of a series of flattened membrane-bound sacs known as cisternae, with distinct cis and trans faces.
Correct answer: Trans face (maturation face)- A. Cis face (forming face)
- B. Inner face
- C. Trans face
- D. Distal face
Explanation: Vesicles from the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) are referred to as 'blebs' in the context of their budding and transport.
Correct answer: Cis face (forming face)- A. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
- B. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
- C. Golgi apparatus
- D. Lysosomes
Explanation: The correct answer is the Golgi apparatus, which modifies and packages proteins and enzymes into vesicles for secretion, forming granules…
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus- A. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
- B. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
- C. Golgi apparatus
- D. Mitochondria
Explanation: The correct answer is the Golgi apparatus, which is crucial for processing, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids.
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus- A. Vary slightly
- B. Do not change
- C. Vary widely
- D. Are identical
Explanation: The correct answer is that the number, shape, and internal structure of mitochondria vary widely.
Correct answer: Vary widely- A. Freely scattered in cytoplasm and attached with SER
- B. Freely scattered in cytoplasm and attached with RER
- C. Freely scattered in nucleoplasm and attached with RER
- D. Freely scattered in nucleoplasm and attached with SER
Explanation: Ribosomes are critical for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. They are found in two main locations: freely scattered in the cytoplasm…
Correct answer: Freely scattered in cytoplasm and attached with RER- A. The larger subunit sediments at 60S while the smaller subunit sediments at 40S
- B. The larger subunit sediments at 50S, while the smaller subunit sediments at 30S
- C. The larger subunit sediments at 60S, while the smaller subunit sediments at 30S
- D. The larger subunit sediments at 50S, while the smaller subunit sediments at 40S
Explanation: The correct answer is that the larger subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes sediments at 60S, and the smaller subunit sediments at 40S.
Correct answer: The larger subunit sediments at 60S while the smaller subunit sediments at 40S- A. Position in the cell
- B. Composition
- C. Length
- D. Diameter
Explanation: The correct answer is that intermediate filaments are named for their diameter.
Correct answer: Diameter- A. Nucleus & mitochondria
- B. Golgi apparatus & Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- C. Chloroplast & mitochondria
- D. Cilia
Explanation: The endosymbiotic hypothesis suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living bacteria that established a symbiotic…
Correct answer: Chloroplast & mitochondria- A. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- B. Golgi Apparatus
- C. Centrioles
- D. Lysosomes
Explanation: The nuclear outer membrane is directly continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Correct answer: Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)- A. Golgi apparatus
- B. Endoplasmic reticulum
- C. Ribosome
- D. Lysosome
Explanation: The correct answer is the Golgi apparatus, which is crucial for processing and packaging proteins and enzymes into vesicles for secretion.
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus- A. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Golgi Apparatus (Golgi bodies)
- D. Nucleus
Explanation: The phragmoplast is a plant cell structure that appears during late cytokinesis.
Correct answer: Golgi Apparatus (Golgi bodies)- A. Endoplasmic Reticulum: Storage of carbohydrates
- B. Golgi Apparatus: Processing and packaging proteins
- C. Mitochondria: Energy production through ATP synthesis
- D. Ribosomes: Protein synthesis
Explanation: The correct answer is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) paired with the storage of carbohydrates.
Correct answer: Endoplasmic Reticulum: Storage of carbohydrates- A. Increased number of Golgi apparatus
- B. Increased amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
- C. Both A and B
- D. None
Explanation: Exocrine cells have a secretory function that involves the synthesis and processing of proteins and other molecules for export.
Correct answer: Both A and B- A. Primary wall
- B. Secondary wall
- C. Middle lamella
- D. All of the above
Explanation: The primary wall is crucial for maintaining cell shape and integrity. While the secondary wall also contains cellulose, the primary wall…
Correct answer: Primary wall