Free Irrigation and Water Management MCQs with Answers

• A. Down stream to up stream
• B. Up stream to down stream
• C. Top to bottom
• D. Bottom to top

Explanation: According to Khosla’s seepage analysis, harmful undermining is associated with the downstream exit zone and progresses toward the upstream…

• A. Hydraulic gradient
• B. Exit gradient
• C. Creep length
• D. Critical exit gradient

Explanation: Undermining begins when seepage emerges with excessive upward force, so the exit gradient must remain within a safe limit.

• A. Exit gradient
• B. Head loss
• C. Creep length
• D. Hydraulic gradient

Explanation: Hydraulic gradient is the loss of head per unit length of seepage or creep, expressed as H/L.

• A. Creep length
• B. Seeping length
• C. Piping
• D. Undermining

Explanation: Bligh called the distance travelled by seepage water along the contact or lower contour of a hydraulic structure the creep length.

• A. Reynolds
• B. Froude No
• C. Webber
• D. Darcy,s law

Explanation: The Froude number compares inertial and gravitational effects and determines the character and strength of a hydraulic jump.

• A. Water wave
• B. Water tide
• C. Hydraulic jump
• D. Afflux

Explanation: A hydraulic jump is the abrupt transition from shallow, high-velocity supercritical flow to deeper, low-velocity subcritical flow, with…

• A. High flood level
• B. Dangerous condition
• C. Hydraulic design condition
• D. Worst condition

Explanation: The combination of high flood discharge over the weir and no canal flow produces maximum uplift and is treated as the worst condition for…

• A. Head Regulator
• B. Cross-Regulator
• C. Escape
• D. All are correct

Explanation: A head regulator is placed at the entrance of an off-taking canal to control and supply its required discharge from the parent canal.

• A. River controlling works
• B. River Training works
• C. Marginal Embankment
• D. Guide Banks

Explanation: River training works are the group of structures used to guide, confine, and regulate river flow near hydraulic structures.

• A. Under sluices
• B. Head sluices
• C. Scouring sluices
• D. Sluice gates

Explanation: Under-sluices are also called scouring sluices because they pass sediment-laden water and scour deposits near the weir and approach…

• A. Pond level
• B. FSL
• C. HFL
• D. Canal level

Explanation: Pond level is the upstream water level maintained at a canal head regulator to provide the required head for the canal to draw its…

• A. Afflux
• B. Hydraulic jump
• C. Pond level
• D. HFL

Explanation: The downstream glacis is shaped to create a hydraulic jump, which changes high-velocity flow into a deeper, slower flow and dissipates…

• A. Cippollite weir
• B. Broad crested weir
• C. Gravity weir
• D. Non-gravity weir

Explanation: A gravity weir is designed so its own weight resists and balances the uplift pressure produced by seepage beneath the weir.

• A. Permeable
• B. Impermeable
• C. repelling
• D. Attracting

Explanation: A groyne pointing downstream follows the direction of river flow and attracts the current toward the bank, so it is called an attracting…

• A. Silting & scouring
• B. Meandering
• C. Aggrading
• D. Degrading

Explanation: This alternating erosion of the concave bank and deposition on the convex bank causes a river to develop bends known as meanders.

• A. Virgin
• B. Tidal
• C. Flashy
• D. Deltaic

Explanation: A flashy river responds rapidly to storm rainfall, producing a sudden rise and fall in flood discharge.

• A. Aggrading river
• B. Degrading river
• C. Deltaic River
• D. Stable river

Explanation: A stable river maintains its channel alignment, slope and overall regime without significant long-term change.

• A. Area Assessed
• B. Area leased
• C. Area irrigated
• D. Area cultivated

Explanation: The area actually irrigated during a year and charged according to the applicable water rates is the area assessed.

• A. High floods
• B. Standard protects flood
• C. Intensive flood
• D. Storm flood

Explanation: A standard project flood is the design flood associated with the reservoir project, and a flood exceeding that design magnitude is…

• A. Base flow
• B. Peak runoff
• C. Storm runoff
• D. Unit duration

Explanation: A unit hydrograph represents direct runoff from one unit of effective rainfall occurring over a catchment for a specified duration, called…