Moderate

Statements: All windows are rods. Some rods are frames.Conclusion: I. All frames are rods. II. All frames are windows. III. Some windows are frames. IV. No window is a frame.

Correct answer: D. None follows

  • A. Only I follows
  • B. Only either I or II follows
  • C. Only I and III follow
  • D. None follows

Explanation

Statement I: "All windows are rods" is Universal affirmative and hence the subject 'windows' is distributed but the predicate 'rods' is not.Statement II: "Some rods are frames" is Particular affirmative and hence neither the subject rods' nor the predicate 'frames' is distributed.The middle term 'rods' is not distributed in either of the two statements. One of the rules for deduction states that "the middle term must be distributed at least once in the premises (statements).This rule is not satisfied and hence no conclusion can be drawn between windows and frames.However, statements Ill and IV are complementary and if there was an option saying either Ill or IV are correct, it would have been the correct option. Thus, none follows

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Logical problems present several conditions about people, objects, events or choices and require their possible arrangements to be tested. They cover constraint-based reasoning, rankings, matching, grouping, scheduling and elimination, with attention to the difference between a complete solution and a possibility that merely satisfies one condition.

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