Statement: "Two students in this class failed, so the teaching must be poor." The flaw is that it
Correct answer: A. generalises from a very small and unrepresentative sample
- A. generalises from a very small and unrepresentative sample
- B. appeals to emotion
- C. presents a false dilemma
- D. reverses cause and effect
Explanation
Two cases say nothing about a whole class, and the failures might reflect absence, illness or individual circumstances rather than teaching quality. A hasty generalisation draws a broad conclusion from too little evidence. The pass rate of the whole class compared with other classes would be the relevant data.
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About Critical Thinking
Critical thinking examines how conclusions follow from evidence, including claims, assumptions, arguments, inferences and relevant facts. Questions ask you to identify hidden assumptions, distinguish strong from weak evidence, assess cause and effect, recognise common reasoning errors, and decide which statement strengthens or weakens an argument.
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