All students who scored above 90 received a scholarship. Ayesha received a scholarship. Which conclusion is valid?
Correct answer: B. Ayesha may or may not have scored above 90
- A. Ayesha scored above 90
- B. Ayesha may or may not have scored above 90
- C. Ayesha scored below 90
- D. Ayesha did not sit the exam
Explanation
The statement guarantees a scholarship to high scorers but does not say they are the only recipients, so a scholarship could have been awarded on other grounds such as need or sport. Concluding that she scored above 90 would be affirming the consequent, a classic invalid form. Reversing a conditional statement is never automatically valid.
Report an error
The more specific you are, the faster it gets fixed. A source beats an opinion.
Prefer email? support@testustad.com
About Critical Thinking
Critical thinking examines how conclusions follow from evidence, including claims, assumptions, arguments, inferences and relevant facts. Questions ask you to identify hidden assumptions, distinguish strong from weak evidence, assess cause and effect, recognise common reasoning errors, and decide which statement strengthens or weakens an argument.
Practise Critical Thinking
435 free Critical Thinking MCQs from Analytical and Logical Reasoning, each with the correct answer and an explanation. Unlimited attempts, no account needed.
Discussion
Stuck on an option, or know a faster way to get there? Ask or explain it here.
No comments yet. Be the first to explain this one.
Exams that ask Analytical and Logical Reasoning questions like this
Analytical and Logical Reasoning is on 27 papers prepared for on TestUstad, and all of them draw the same bank, so this question is worth knowing for every one of them.
More Critical Thinking questions
"The policy must be right because it is government policy, and government policy is always right." This argument is
Statement: "Two students in this class failed, so the teaching must be poor." The flaw is that it
"This medicine is safe because it is natural." The flaw in this argument is that it
Which conclusion follows from: "No reptile is warm blooded. All snakes are reptiles."?
A study finds that people who eat breakfast weigh less. A critic responds that people who skip breakfast may be dieting unsuccessfully. The critic is
"If we allow students to retake one exam, soon they will demand unlimited retakes and standards will collapse." This argument is an example of