Phosphorylation of ADP during glycolysis occurs via:

Correct answer: D. Substrate level phosphorylation

  • A. Photophosphorylation
  • B. Oxidative phosphorylation
  • C. Chemiosmosis
  • D. Substrate level phosphorylation

Explanation

During glycolysis, ATP is produced through substrate-level phosphorylation. This process involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a high-energy substrate molecule to ADP, forming ATP. This mechanism is distinct from oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in mitochondria during the electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis, which is part of oxidative phosphorylation. Photophosphorylation is unrelated, as it occurs during photosynthesis in chloroplasts.

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Cellular respiration explains how cells release energy from glucose through glycolysis, the link reaction, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. It includes ATP production, substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation, aerobic versus anaerobic respiration, and the roles of mitochondria, oxygen and fermentation in energy transfer.

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