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If two positive numbers are in the ratio 1/8 : 1/5, then by what percent is the second number more than the first?

Correct answer: C. 60%

  • A. 40%
  • B. 33 1/3%
  • C. 60%
  • D. 66 2/3%
  • E. None of these

Explanation

The ratio 1/8 : 1/5 becomes 5 : 8 after multiplying both terms by 40. The second number exceeds the first by 3 parts, so the percentage increase is (3 ÷ 5) x 100 = 60%. The likely trap is 40%, which uses the increase divided by the second number instead of by the first number.

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Ratios compare quantities in the same units, while proportions state that two ratios are equal. Problems cover simplification, division in a given ratio, direct and inverse variation, scale, and missing terms, with attention to the difference between a ratio and a fraction representing part of a whole.

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