A vaccine refrigerator is found at 0°C during the morning inspection. Which group of vaccines is most at risk of damage from this temperature?
Correct answer: A. Freeze-sensitive vaccines such as pentavalent and hepatitis B
- A. Freeze-sensitive vaccines such as pentavalent and hepatitis B
- B. Heat-sensitive vaccines such as oral polio vaccine
- C. Only vaccines that have passed their expiry date
- D. Only vaccines supplied in multidose vials
Explanation
Temperatures at or below freezing can damage freeze-sensitive vaccines, including pentavalent and hepatitis B vaccines. The nurse should quarantine the affected vaccines and follow the immunisation programme’s temperature-excursion procedure rather than using them automatically.
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About Immunisation and EPI
Immunisation covers active and passive immunity, vaccine types, routine childhood schedules under Pakistan’s Expanded Programme on Immunization, administration routes and age-based timing. It also includes cold-chain maintenance, contraindications, adverse events following immunisation, missed doses and the distinction between vaccine protection and treatment of an established infection.
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