During an immunisation session, the vaccine vial monitor shows that the inner square is the same colour as or darker than the outer circle. What should the nurse do?
Correct answer: C. Discard the vial and record the wastage
- A. Use the vial before the session ends
- B. Place the vial in the freezer for later use
- C. Discard the vial and record the wastage
- D. Shake the vial and use it immediately
Explanation
A VVM with an inner square that matches or is darker than the outer circle indicates that the vaccine has received excessive cumulative heat exposure. It should not be used, even if the expiry date has not passed. Freezing or shaking cannot reverse heat damage.
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About Immunisation and EPI
Immunisation covers active and passive immunity, vaccine types, routine childhood schedules under Pakistan’s Expanded Programme on Immunization, administration routes and age-based timing. It also includes cold-chain maintenance, contraindications, adverse events following immunisation, missed doses and the distinction between vaccine protection and treatment of an established infection.
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