A patient receiving IV fluids becomes confused, nauseated and develops muscle cramps. The serum sodium is 124 mmol/L. Which problem should the nurse suspect?
Correct answer: B. Hyponatremia
- A. Hypernatremia
- B. Hyponatremia
- C. Hypercalcemia
- D. Hypomagnesemia
Explanation
A sodium level of 124 mmol/L with confusion, nausea and cramps indicates hyponatremia. Neurological changes are concerning because low sodium can cause cerebral oedema, whereas hypernatremia usually causes intense thirst and neurological irritability.
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About IV Fluids and Blood Transfusion
IV therapy covers crystalloid and colloid fluids, electrolyte replacement, maintenance and resuscitation fluids, infusion equipment and complications such as infiltration, phlebitis, fluid overload and electrolyte imbalance. Blood transfusion content includes compatibility, cross matching, administration precautions and recognition of haemolytic, febrile and allergic reactions, distinct from ordinary IV fluid reactions.
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