A drug administered repeatedly at a fixed interval usually approaches steady-state plasma concentration after approximately how many elimination half-lives?
Correct answer: C. Four to five half-lives
- A. One half-life
- B. Two half-lives
- C. Four to five half-lives
- D. Ten to twelve half-lives
Explanation
For drugs with first-order elimination, about 94 to 97 percent of steady state is reached after four to five half-lives. The dose interval affects fluctuations, but the time to approach steady state mainly depends on the half-life.
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Covers how drugs act in animals, including pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, routes of administration, dosage forms, adverse effects and drug interactions. Major groups include antimicrobials, antiparasitics, analgesics, anaesthetics, anti-inflammatory drugs, hormones and cardiovascular medicines, with attention to withdrawal periods and species differences.
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