All Free Sociology MCQs with Answers
Every Sociology question in the bank, across all chapters, each with the correct answer and a written explanation. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
1258 questions · page 26 of 126
251. Which of the following was not identified as one of the four major social bonds in Hirschi's Social Control theory ?
- A. religiosity
- B. commitment
- C. involvement
- D. belief
- E. attachment
Explanation: Hirschi identified attachment, commitment, involvement and belief as the four social bonds that restrain deviance. Religiosity may support belief, but it is not one of the four named bonds.
Correct answer: religiosity252. Sutherland's Differential Association theory emphasizes that crime and deviance are basically______________?
- A. due to poor parenting
- B. learned
- C. psychotic
- D. biological
- E. the result of being labelledAccess Government Careers
Explanation: Sutherland argued that criminal behaviour is learned through interaction with others, especially through definitions favourable to law violation. This rejects purely biological or psychological explanations of crime.
Correct answer: learned253. According to Strain theory, retreatants are likely to engage in what type of deviant activity ?
- A. Sexual assault
- B. terrorism
- C. counterfeiting
- D. drug abuse
- E. robbery
Explanation: Merton’s retreatists reject both culturally approved goals and the legitimate means of achieving them, often withdrawing into drug abuse. Robbery and counterfeiting generally represent attempts to pursue success through illegitimate means rather than retreatism.
Correct answer: drug abuse254. The sociologist responsible for the modern-day adaptation of strain theory is______________?
- A. Weber
- B. Cohen
- C. Marx
- D. Merton
- E. Chambliss
Explanation: Robert K. Merton adapted Durkheim’s idea of anomie into modern strain theory, explaining deviance as a response to the gap between cultural goals and legitimate means. Weber and Marx developed major theories of inequality, but not this adaptation.
Correct answer: Merton255. Biological positivists have tended to focus on what type of crime ?
- A. Violent
- B. juvenile
- C. drug-related
- D. white collarTry Prep Courses
Explanation: Early biological positivists such as Cesare Lombroso concentrated on serious and violent offenders, whom they regarded as showing inherited criminal characteristics. White-collar and drug-related crime became prominent concerns in later criminology.
Correct answer: Violent256. The rise in patriotism following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, is an example of what function of deviance ?
- A. Warning
- B. Solidarity
- C. Unification
- D. Authoritarian
- E. Boundary setting
Explanation: Durkheim’s view of deviance includes the promotion of social solidarity, because a shared threat can unite people around common values. The rise in patriotism after 9/11 illustrates this solidarity function rather than a warning or authoritarian function.
Correct answer: Solidarity257. According to Quinine, crimes of "domination and repression" are committed by ______________?
- A. People who aspire to the upper class
- B. The ruling elite
- C. white collar businessmen
- D. gang members
- E. the lower socio-economic strateConsult Local Attorneys
Explanation: In Richard Quinney’s conflict perspective, crimes of domination and repression are associated with the ruling elite’s use of power over subordinate groups. They are therefore not mainly attributed to gang members or lower-income groups.
Correct answer: The ruling elite258. The classic sociological study of two juvenile groups called the "Saints" and the "Roughnecks" was conducted by______________?
- A. Chambliss
- B. Lynch
- C. Merton
- D. Bentham
- E. Turk
Explanation: William Chambliss studied the Saints and the Roughnecks to show how class-based perceptions and labelling can produce unequal treatment of juvenile groups. The apparently respectable Saints received more favourable reactions than the poorer Roughnecks.
Correct answer: Chambliss259. Punishments, or negative sanctions, are especially important at the _______ level?
- A. informal
- B. societal
- C. traditional
- D. formal
- E. adolescent
Explanation: Formal sanctions are officially prescribed punishments imposed by institutions such as courts, schools or governments. Informal sanctions are everyday reactions such as ridicule, praise or social disapproval.
Correct answer: formal260. Sociological definitions of deviance consist of behaviors, beliefs, and_______________?
- A. attributes
- B. realities
- C. Choices
- D. records
- E. Conditions
Explanation: Sociologists define deviance broadly as behaviors, beliefs, or conditions that violate accepted social norms. The term therefore includes both actions and socially disapproved states or circumstances, not merely personal choices.
Correct answer: Conditions