All Free Sociology MCQs with Answers

• A. Revolutionary France
• B. the Roman Empire
• C. Nazi Germany
• D. the English Civil War

Explanation: The modern political use of terrorism is linked to the French Revolution, especially the Reign of Terror.

• A. control theory
• B. labelling theory
• C. functionalist theory
• D. conflict theory

Explanation: Labelling theory treats deviance as a product of social interaction: authorities or groups define certain people and acts as deviant.

• A. access and exchange private information about consumers
• B. reduce prison overcrowding by the use of electronic tagging
• C. all of the above
• D. monitor employees' activities at work

Explanation: Digital surveillance supports all three practices: collecting consumer data, enforcing electronic tagging and monitoring workers.

• A. emphasized human relations and employee satisfaction
• B. increased the amount of power held by managers
• C. stripped inmates of their previous identities
• D. isolated people and put them under surveillance

Explanation: Foucault described carceral institutions as spaces where people are isolated, observed and disciplined through continuous surveillance.

• A. the most commonly used recreational drug is Ecstasy
• B. it has increased and is no longer confined to a hedonistic youth subculture
• C. teenage girls are more likely to experiment with hard drugs than teenage boys
• D. despite a series of moral panics, the use of illegal drugs is very rare

Explanation: British drug-use patterns show that use expanded beyond a small hedonistic youth subculture.

• A. the rates of violent crime were similar for men and women
• B. women's sexual delinquency was more likely to be normalized than men's
• C. women's criminal behavior tended to reflect traditional gender roles
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Smart linked women's criminal behaviour to conventional gender expectations, such as offences arising from roles traditionally assigned to…

• A. murder
• B. rape
• C. robbery
• D. all of the above

Explanation: During the 1980s and 1990s, the United States recorded higher rates of murder, rape, and robbery than European countries.

• A. each of the above
• B. bribery
• C. income tax evasion
• D. consumer fraud

Explanation: White-collar crime involves financially motivated offences committed in occupational or organisational settings, including consumer fraud…

• A. conflict theorists' functionalists labelling
• B. functionalists conflict labelling
• C. labelling theorists conflict functionalist
• D. conflict theorists' labelling functionalist

Explanation: Functionalists generally treat deviance standards as expressions of shared cultural norms, while conflict and labelling theorists stress…

• A. ritualism
• B. innovation
• C. conformity
• D. rebellion

Explanation: Merton regarded conformity as the most common adaptation because most people accept society's approved goals and legitimate means, even in…

• A. Inconsistent
• B. None of these
• C. Normless
• D. Deviant

Explanation: Societal reaction theory holds that behaviour becomes deviant when people or institutions label it as deviant.

• A. Danwie
• B. Communis
• C. Nessar
• D. None of these

Explanation: A danwei is a Chinese work unit or small organizational group through which social and economic life was traditionally regulated.

• A. Formal to informal control
• B. General to specialized
• C. Informal to formal
• D. None of these

Explanation: Primary groups rely mainly on personal, informal sanctions such as approval or disapproval, whereas secondary groups depend more on…

• A. None of these
• B. Law enforcing agencies
• C. Clan System
• D. Social norms and traditions

Explanation: Most social control operates through everyday norms, traditions, and expectations rather than through police or courts.

• A. does keep "hard core" criminals off the street
• B. cannot keep "hard core" criminals off the street
• C. is an effort to address the problem of one-time criminals
• D. maximizes effective use of prison bed space

Explanation: Selective confinement, or selective incapacitation, targets persistent and dangerous offenders for imprisonment so they cannot commit…

• A. police
• B. prisons
• C. military
• D. courts

Explanation: The criminal justice system conventionally includes law enforcement, courts, and corrections such as prisons.

• A. Why are people deviant?
• B. How does labeling contribute to deviance?
• C. why are people not deviant?
• D. How does structural strain contribute to deviance

Explanation: Control theory starts from the puzzle of conformity: it asks why most people do not violate norms even when deviance is possible.

• A. conformist
• B. retreatist
• C. ritualist
• D. innovator

Explanation: Sammi accepts the culturally approved goal of academic success but uses an illegitimate method, cheating, to reach it.

• A. too trivial for the police
• B. dislike of the police
• C. fear of reprisal
• D. best dealt with privately

Explanation: Victims most often give the crime's triviality or belief that the police cannot do much as the reason for not reporting it.

• A. Deviant behavior is an anomaly in social life
• B. Deviance exists independently of a culture's norms
• C. Deviance is a property conferred upon particular behaviors by social definitions
• D. none of the above

Explanation: Deviance is not an inherent quality of an act; it becomes deviant when social groups define it as violating accepted norms.