All Free Sociology MCQs with Answers

• A. community service
• B. imprisonment
• C. electronic tagging
• D. curfews

Explanation: Community service can be restorative when it requires the offender to make a constructive contribution to the community affected by the…

• A. white-collar crime
• B. victimless crime
• C. corporate crime
• D. organized crime

Explanation: Corporate crime is illegal conduct committed by a company or by people acting on its behalf in the course of business, including breaches…

• A. restorative justice
• B. deterrent sentencingAccess Government Careers
• C. target hardening
• D. zero tolerance

Explanation: Broken-windows theory argues that visible disorder encourages more serious offending, so it is associated with strict enforcement of minor…

• A. labelling theory
• B. control theory
• C. functionalist theory
• D. conflict theory

Explanation: Labelling theory treats deviance as a result of social interaction: authorities or groups apply a deviant label to particular people or…

• A. international drug dealing via email
• B. the vandalizing of virtual environments
• C. The global trade in online pornography
• D. theft of goods sold via online action websitesRun Background Checks

Explanation: Vandalizing virtual environments is a genuinely new form of offending that depends on digital technology, making it a third-generation…

• A. the new criminology
• B. broken windows theory
• C. situational crime prevention
• D. deviance reduction theory

Explanation: Situational crime prevention reduces opportunities for offending through measures such as CCTV, neighbourhood surveillance, immobilizers…

• A. deviant behavior is behavior that is labelled so by the law
• B. deviant behavior is that which causes public offence
• C. deviant behavior is that labelled by the perpetrators
• D. deviant behavior is behavior that people so label

Explanation: Howard Becker defined deviance as behaviour that people successfully label as deviant, making social reaction central to the concept.

• A. deviance is normally sanctioned by lawTake Sociology Courses
• B. deviance and crime very often overlap
• C. the concept of deviance can be applied to individuals and groups
• D. the concept of 'deviance' is much broader than 'crime'

Explanation: Deviance is broader than crime because it includes violations of social norms that are not necessarily illegal, such as unusual dress or…

• A. restitution
• B. radical non-intervention
• C. legalization
• D. decriminalization
• E. retribution

Explanation: Radical non-intervention advises authorities to avoid unnecessary intervention, because official reactions can create stigma and reinforce…

• A. 1950s
• B. 1980s
• C. 1940s
• D. 1960s
• E. 1970s

Explanation: Labelling theory became prominent in the 1960s through writers such as Howard Becker, Edwin Lemert, and Erving Goffman.

• A. conformity
• B. corporate crime
• C. Psychologically-based crime
• D. lower-class crime
• E. white-collar crime

Explanation: Social control theory asks why most people conform rather than offend, arguing that strong bonds to family, school, work, and society…

• A. Social Control theory
• B. Lower Class Focal Value theory
• C. Anomie theory
• D. Social Process theory
• E. Strain theory

Explanation: Lower Class Focal Value theory explains crime through distinctive subcultural values or focal concerns that may support deviant conduct.

• A. ritualists
• B. ret realists
• C. rebels
• D. innovators
• E. conformists

Explanation: Merton calls people who accept conventional success goals but use illegitimate means to achieve them innovators.

• A. pre-natal nutrition
• B. hormones
• C. genetic abnormalities
• D. adolescence
• E. early childhood

Explanation: Psychological positivism links later conformist or criminal belief systems to experiences in early childhood, when personality and basic…

• A. Substantial reduction of economic inequality
• B. Subordination of the agents of social control
• C. redefinition of acts that are currently defined as criminal
• D. amelioration of social welfare activities
• E. repression of lower-class gang activities

Explanation: Conflict theory connects crime to unequal power and economic conditions, so it proposes reducing substantial economic inequality as a…

• A. Differential Association
• B. Conflict
• C. Positivism
• D. Social Control
• E. Functionalism

Explanation: Conflict theory asks who has the power to make rules and define some behaviours as deviant while protecting others from criminalisation.

• A. age-specific support
• B. formal social control
• C. internalization of norms
• D. informal social control
• E. positivism

Explanation: Peer approval operates through informal social control because friends and peers reward or disapprove of behaviour without using official…

• A. Without a deal of grate variation
• B. Completely irrelevant
• C. totally in keeping with tradition
• D. Without a corresponding judgment
• E. inherently deviant

Explanation: Sociologists generally hold that no behaviour is inherently deviant; deviance depends on social rules and the reactions of others.

• A. it is a committed on a larger, often global, scale, and is well organized
• B. all of the above
• C. it can have far-reaching effects upon international relations
• D. it is associated with political conflict between states and their citizens

Explanation: Terrorism is typically organised across a broad, sometimes global scale and is tied to political conflict, with possible effects on…

• A. White collar crime
• B. none-criminal deviance
• C. organized crime
• D. global terrorism

Explanation: The Mafia is a structured criminal organisation involved in continuing illegal activities through coordination, hierarchy, and sometimes…