All Free Sociology MCQs with Answers

• A. provide explicit indications of which behaviors are acceptable and which are not.
• B. are narrow ideas about what is desirable correct and good
• C. are defined by symbols
• D. are general and abstract and do not explicitly specify which behaviors are acceptable and which are not

Explanation: Values are broad, general beliefs about what is desirable, correct, or good, so they do not directly prescribe particular behaviours. Norms are narrower rules that specify acceptable and unacceptable conduct.

• A. a culture
• B. an iconoclastic enclave
• C. a society
• D. none of the above

Explanation: A society is a population living in a shared territory and participating in a common culture. Culture itself is the shared way of life, not the group that practises it.

• A. Culture is genetic
• B. Culture is passed down generation to generation
• C. Culture includes physical artifacts not abstract creations
• D. none of the above

Explanation: Culture is learned rather than inherited genetically, but it is transmitted across generations through socialisation, language and institutions. Physical artifacts are also part of material culture, so option c is too narrow.

• A. Has to be against the existing ethos/values
• B. May not be against the existing culture ethos/values
• C. if different from the exiting culture may never survive
• D. None of these

Explanation: A counterculture is a subculture whose values and practices challenge or oppose the dominant culture's ethos. Merely being different does not make a group countercultural.

• A. folkways
• B. mores
• C. values
• D. laws

Explanation: Laws are formal rules backed by legitimate state authority, so they represent the formalisation of important norms. Folkways and mores are norms, but they are not normally formal legal codes.

• A. New Cultures
• B. cultural relativism
• C. Countercultures
• D. None of theseArts & Entertainment

Explanation: A counterculture is a subculture that directly rejects or opposes important values of the dominant culture. Cultural relativism is an approach to understanding cultures, not a group opposed to the dominant culture.

• A. Xenocentrism
• B. Ethnocentrism
• C. Cultural Adjustment
• D. None of these

Explanation: Xenocentrism is the preference for foreign cultures, goods or lifestyles over those of one's own society. Ethnocentrism is the opposite tendency: judging one's own culture as the standard or superior.

• A. Subcultures
• B. Counter Cultures
• C. Relative Cultures
• D. None of these

Explanation: Punjabi and Sindhi cultures are regional cultural patterns within the wider culture of Pakistan, so they are subcultures. A counterculture actively rejects or opposes dominant cultural values, which is not implied here.

• A. Institution
• B. Trait
• C. Religion
• D. None of these

Explanation: An institution is an organized pattern made up of several related culture complexes that fulfil an important social activity, such as education, religion or family life. A trait is only the smallest cultural element, not a series of complexes.

• A. Complex
• B. Laws
• C. Trait
• D. None of these

Explanation: A cultural trait is the smallest identifiable unit of culture, such as a handshake, a word or a particular tool. Several related traits combine to form a culture complex.