Free Blood and Immunity MCQs with Answers

• A. In combination with hemoglobin
• B. In physical solution in plasma
• C. In combination with plasma proteins
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Carbon dioxide is transported dissolved in plasma, bound to hemoglobin or other proteins as carbamino compounds, and mainly as…

• A. Leukopenia
• B. Lymphopenia
• C. Neutropenia
• D. Leukocytosis

Explanation: Acute pyogenic bacterial infections typically stimulate bone-marrow release of neutrophils, producing neutrophilic leukocytosis.

• A. 5:1
• B. 2:1
• C. 1:2
• D. 1:1

Explanation: Albumin is present at roughly 4 g/dL and globulins at about 2 g/dL, giving a normal albumin-to-globulin ratio near 2:1.

• A. EDTA
• B. Sodium citrate
• C. Hirundine
• D. Double oxalate mixture

Explanation: Hirudin is a natural anticoagulant found in leech saliva that directly inhibits thrombin.

• A. Anti-hemophiliac - A factor
• B. Anti-hemophiliac - B factor
• C. Anti-hemophiliac - F factor
• D. Anti-hemophiliac - C factor

Explanation: Plasma thromboplastin antecedent is factor XI, also called anti-haemophilic factor C.

• A. Red bone marrow
• B. The spleen
• C. The liver
• D. Yellow bone marrow

Explanation: In adults, granulocytic white-cell production occurs mainly in red bone marrow, especially in the axial skeleton and proximal ends of long…

• A. O- Ve
• B. O+ Ve
• C. AB+ Ve
• D. AB- Ve

Explanation: AB-positive individuals lack anti-A and anti-B antibodies and can usually receive red cells from all ABO and Rh groups.

• A. CMI
• B. Phagocytosis
• C. Opsonization
• D. Antibody formation

Explanation: Plasma cells are differentiated B lymphocytes specialised for synthesising and secreting antibodies.

• A. End of 1st year
• B. Birth
• C. Puberty
• D. 4 years

Explanation: Foetal haemoglobin progressively declines after birth while HbA rises, reaching the predominant adult pattern during the first year.

• A. 5-7 sec
• B. 10-20 sec
• C. 30 sec
• D. 1 minConsult Online Doctors

Explanation: Prothrombin time is normally about 11–14 seconds, although laboratory reference ranges may extend approximately from 10 to 15 or 20…

• A. PR erythroblast
• B. Norm oblast
• C. Myeloblast
• D. Reticulocyte

Explanation: Myeloblasts are precursors of granulocytes, including neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils, not erythrocytes.

• A. Neutrophil
• B. Lymphocyte
• C. Basophil
• D. Eosinophil

Explanation: Major basic protein is stored in eosinophil granules and contributes to their defense against parasites and participation in allergic…

• A. Allergic conditions
• B. Anemia
• C. Polycythemia
• D. Typhoid fever

Explanation: Eosinophils commonly increase in allergic disorders and parasitic infections because they participate in IgE-mediated inflammation and…

• A. Factor II
• B. Factor XI
• C. Factor IX
• D. Factor VII

Explanation: Vitamin K is required for hepatic synthesis of factors II, VII, IX and X, along with proteins C and S.

• A. Positive donor
• B. B negative donor
• C. AB positive donor
• D. A negative donorCompare Procedure Costs

Explanation: A person with A-negative blood can receive A-negative red cells because the ABO and Rh antigens match.

• A. Heparin
• B. Human thrombin
• C. Ferric chloride
• D. Vit- K

Explanation: Heparin delays coagulation by enhancing antithrombin activity, which inhibits thrombin and several activated clotting factors.

• A. Potassium
• B. Chloride ion
• C. Carbonic acid
• D. Phosphate

Explanation: In systemic tissues, bicarbonate leaves the erythrocyte and chloride enters it through the anion exchanger, a process called the chloride…

• A. Thrombin formation
• B. Prothrombin formation
• C. Fibrin formation
• D. Thromboplastin formation

Explanation: Vitamin K is required in the liver for synthesis of several clotting factors, especially prothrombin (factor II).

• A. Dilute with equal volume of 0.9% saline
• B. Add fibrinogen
• C. Add solution of calcium chloride
• D. Add solution of sodium citrate

Explanation: Sodium citrate preserves stored blood by binding ionised calcium, which is necessary for coagulation.

• A. Prothrombin time (PT)
• B. Partial thromboplastin time ( PTT)
• C. Bleeding time (BT)
• D. Capillary fragility test (CFT)

Explanation: Warfarin reduces vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors, particularly affecting the extrinsic pathway, so its effect is monitored with…