All Free Physiology MCQs with Answers

• A. Hypoglycemia
• B. Hypertension
• C. Truncal obesity
• D. Poor wound healing

Explanation: Cushing syndrome causes excess cortisol, producing truncal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and poor wound healing.

• A. Secreted by beta cells
• B. Glycopeptide
• C. Causes lipogenesis
• D. Promotes glycogenesis

Explanation: Insulin is a peptide or polypeptide hormone made by pancreatic beta cells, not a glycopeptide.

• A. Swollen, oedematous look of the face
• B. Impotency, amenorrhea
• C. Dullness, loss of memory
• D. B.M.R increased by 30 -45%

Explanation: Myxedema due to hypothyroidism causes a reduced basal metabolic rate, not a 30 to 45% increase.

• A. Estriol
• B. Cortisol
• C. Corticosterone
• D. Aldosterone

Explanation: The adrenal cortex secretes corticosteroids and small amounts of sex steroids, including androgens and some estrogens.

• A. Niacin
• B. Tyrosine
• C. Methionine
• D. Glycerol

Explanation: Epinephrine is a catecholamine synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine through DOPA and dopamine.

• A. Facilitated diffusion
• B. Carrier - mediated endocytosis
• C. Simple diffusion
• D. Cholesterol lined pores in the plasma membrane

Explanation: Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble, so they cross the phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion and then bind intracellular receptors.

• A. They promote growth of bone and cartilage
• B. They antagonize the effect of insulin
• C. They inhibit protein synthesis
• D. They mediated the local effects of Somatostatin

Explanation: Somatomedins, chiefly insulin-like growth factor 1, mediate many growth hormone effects by stimulating protein synthesis and the growth of…

• A. Thyroxine
• B. Cortisol
• C. Growth hormone
• D. Somatostatin

Explanation: Cortisol is a major hormone of the stress response and supports blood glucose, vascular responsiveness, and adaptation to prolonged…

• A. Obseity
• B. Hypertension
• C. Increased risk of infections
• D. High TSH levels

Explanation: Typical hypothyroidism causes weight gain or obesity, diastolic hypertension, and raised TSH in primary disease.

• A. TSH
• B. FSH
• C. ACTH
• D. Prolactin

Explanation: Prolactin has no well-established hypothalamic releasing hormone; its secretion is mainly held in check by dopamine from the hypothalamus.

• A. Increased oxygen consumption
• B. Decreased cell metabolism
• C. Increased pulmonary ventilation
• D. Increased basal metabolism

Explanation: Thyroxine raises basal metabolic rate, oxygen consumption, and usually pulmonary ventilation through increased tissue metabolism.

• A. Parathyroid
• B. Insulin
• C. Thyroid
• D. Glucagon

Explanation: Thyroid hormones increase beta-adrenergic receptor expression and make the heart more responsive to epinephrine, contributing to…

• A. Diabetes mellitus
• B. Cretinism
• C. Dwarfism
• D. Diabetes insipidus

Explanation: Posterior pituitary failure commonly causes deficient ADH release, producing excessive dilute urine and diabetes insipidus.

• A. Thyroid
• B. Parathyroids
• C. Posterior pituitary
• D. Anterior pituitary

Explanation: Removing the anterior pituitary can reduce growth hormone and other diabetogenic hormones, thereby lowering the elevated blood glucose of…

• A. Syncope
• B. Cardiac arrhythmias
• C. Drastic fall in blood pressure
• D. Precipitation of allergic reaction

Explanation: Adrenaline stimulates cardiac beta-1 receptors and can increase automaticity and conduction, making cardiac arrhythmias a risk during…

• A. Increases intestinal absorption of calcium
• B. Bone resorption
• C. Bone deposition
• D. Decreases intestinal absorption of calcium

Explanation: Calcitonin lowers plasma calcium mainly by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, shifting the balance toward retention of…

• A. Vit - D & Calcium
• B. Parathormone
• C. Calcitonin
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Bone remodelling depends on vitamin D and calcium, while parathyroid hormone and calcitonin regulate calcium movement between bone, blood…

• A. Thyroxine
• B. ACTH
• C. Adrenaline
• D. Calcitonin

Explanation: Iodine is incorporated into tyrosine residues during synthesis of thyroid hormones, especially thyroxine (T4).

• A. Hyperparathyroidism
• B. Hypothyroidism
• C. Hypoparathyroidism
• D. Hyperthyroidism

Explanation: Hypoparathyroidism lowers parathyroid hormone and consequently reduces ionized calcium, producing neuromuscular irritability.

• A. Anterior pituitary
• B. Vasomotor center
• C. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
• D. Hypothalamus

Explanation: Vasopressin, or ADH, is synthesized by hypothalamic neurons and then transported to the posterior pituitary for storage and release.