All Free Pedagogy MCQs with Answers

• A. Applied Research
• B. Basic Research
• C. Experimental Research
• D. Historical Research

Explanation: Fundamental research seeks to expand knowledge and develop theories without an immediate practical application, so it is also called basic…

• A. Applied research
• B. Basic research
• C. Experimental research
• D. Historical Research

Explanation: Experimental research follows a planned scientific design in which variables are controlled or manipulated to test their effects.

• A. Action research
• B. Applied Research
• C. Experimental Research
• D. Historical Research

Explanation: Action research is cyclical: the researcher typically plans, acts, observes the results, and reflects before beginning the next cycle.

• A. Historical research
• B. Experimental Research
• C. Casual Comparative Research
• D. Basic Research

Explanation: Historical research examines evidence from the past and interprets the significance of earlier events.

• A. Historical research
• B. Experimental Research
• C. Casual Comparative Research
• D. Basic Research

Explanation: Birth and death certificates are documentary records that provide evidence about past people and events, so they are commonly used as…

• A. Experimental research
• B. Causal-comparative research
• C. Historical research
• D. Basic research

Explanation: Comparing men’s and women’s wages uses pre-existing groups because researchers cannot randomly assign people to a sex category or…

• A. Experimental research
• B. Ex post facto
• C. Basic research
• D. Historical research

Explanation: In ex post facto research, participants are placed into comparison groups according to a pre-existing characteristic or variable; the…

• A. Basic research
• B. Experimental research
• C. Historical research
• D. Ex post facto

Explanation: Ex post facto means ‘after the fact’: the researcher studies an outcome after a relevant event or condition has already occurred.

• A. historical
• B. basic
• C. experimental
• D. applied

Explanation: Studying the impact of an education policy introduced in 1947 requires examining a past policy and its consequences through historical…

• A. validity
• B. reliability
• C. economy
• D. all of these

Explanation: A good research tool should measure what it claims to measure (validity), produce consistent results (reliability), and be practical and…

• A. historical
• B. experimental
• C. action
• D. basic

Explanation: Research concerned with past or old events is historical research because it reconstructs and interprets earlier situations from available…

• A. historical
• B. experimental
• C. descriptive
• D. applied

Explanation: An observational study records behaviour or conditions without manipulating the variables, making it a form of descriptive research.

• A. descriptive
• B. basic
• C. action
• D. post facto

Explanation: Basic research focuses on developing or refining theories and general knowledge rather than immediately solving a practical classroom…

• A. survey
• B. study
• C. both
• D. None of these

Explanation: A case study examines one person, group, institution, or situation in depth using mainly qualitative data.

• A. ex Holistic
• B. Holistic
• C. both
• D. None of these

Explanation: Holistic research studies a phenomenon as a complete whole and is generally associated with qualitative inquiry.

• A. subjects
• B. topics
• C. both
• D. None of these

Explanation: Descriptive surveys collect information about characteristics or conditions across different subjects or populations.

• A. fundamental
• B. non fundamental
• C. Historical Research
• D. Historical Research

Explanation: Fundamental research is another name for basic research, which seeks general knowledge rather than an immediate practical application.

• A. phase
• B. component
• C. part
• D. None of these

Explanation: Independent and dependent variables are parts of an experimental study: the independent variable is manipulated and the dependent variable…

• A. independent
• B. dependent
• C. both
• D. None of these

Explanation: Experimental research manipulates one or more independent variables and observes their effects on dependent variables.

• A. Applied research
• B. Basic research
• C. Experimental research
• D. Historical Research

Explanation: Experimental research is defined by the deliberate manipulation of variables under controlled conditions, so an experiment is its central…