Free Haematology MCQs with Answers

• A. Malaria
• B. Leukemia
• C. Hepatitis
• D. AIDS

Explanation: Malaria, hepatitis viruses and HIV can all be transmitted through contaminated blood products.

• A. Rh -ve mother and Rh -ve foetus
• B. Rh +ve mother and Rh -ve foetus
• C. Rh -ve mother and Rh +ve foetus
• D. Rh +ve mother and Rh +ve foetus

Explanation: The classic setting is an Rh-negative mother carrying an Rh-positive fetus, with maternal anti-D antibodies damaging fetal red cells after…

• A. Cytotoxic drugs
• B. Whole body irradiation
• C. HIV infection
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Aplastic anaemia can follow cytotoxic drugs, whole-body irradiation and HIV infection, all of which may suppress or destroy haematopoietic…

• A. Stomach
• B. Duodenum
• C. Intestine
• D. Ileum

Explanation: Intrinsic factor is secreted by gastric parietal cells and binds vitamin B12 before its absorption in the terminal ileum.

• A. Vincent stomatitis
• B. Trotters syndrome
• C. Plummer - Vinson syndrome
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Plummer-Vinson syndrome combines iron-deficiency anaemia, koilonychia or spoon-shaped nails, atrophic glossitis and dysphagia due to…

• A. Neutropenia
• B. Leukemia
• C. Anaemia
• D. Polycythemia

Explanation: Polycythaemia means an increased red-cell mass or RBC count. Neutropenia concerns reduced neutrophils, while anaemia is characterised by…

• A. factor VIII concentrate
• B. dried freeze plasma
• C. Whole blood
• D. cryoprecipitate

Explanation: Haemophilia A results from factor VIII deficiency and is treated with factor VIII concentrate, which provides the missing clotting factor.

• A. Platelet function
• B. capillary fragility
• C. Intrinsic pathway
• D. Extrinic pathway

Explanation: The tourniquet test, or Rumpel-Leede test, assesses capillary fragility by producing petechiae after venous occlusion.

• A. PT
• B. BT
• C. APTT
• D. CBP

Explanation: The activated partial thromboplastin time screens the intrinsic and common coagulation pathways and is prolonged in haemophilia.

• A. Hemolytic anemia
• B. chronic disease
• C. Acute blood loss
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Haemolytic anaemia, anaemia of chronic disease and early anaemia after acute blood loss are typically normocytic and normochromic.

• A. All of the above
• B. Thalassemia
• C. Hereditary spherocytosis
• D. Sickle cell anemia

Explanation: Sickle-cell anaemia, thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis all cause premature RBC destruction, so they are haemolytic anaemias.

• A. Hodgkin's lymphoma
• B. Burkitt's lymphoma
• C. Multiple myeloma
• D. Infectious mononucleosis

Explanation: Bence Jones proteins are monoclonal free light chains excreted in urine, classically associated with multiple myeloma.

• A. Macrocytic hyperchromic
• B. Macrocytic hypochromic
• C. None of the above
• D. Macrocytic normochromic

Explanation: Megaloblastic anaemia produces large oval red cells because impaired DNA synthesis delays nuclear maturation, giving a macrocytic picture.

• A. Megaloblastic anemia
• B. Iron deficiency anemia
• C. Thalassemia
• D. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Explanation: Defective DNA synthesis in megaloblastic anaemia produces large red-cell precursors and hypersegmented neutrophils.

• A. Factor IX
• B. Factor X
• C. Factor VIII
• D. Factor V

Explanation: Christmas disease is haemophilia B, caused by deficiency of coagulation factor IX.

• A. Increase in hemoglobin
• B. Decrease in hemoglobin
• C. Increase in palatelets
• D. Decrease in platelets

Explanation: Iron is required for haemoglobin synthesis, so iron deficiency causes a fall in haemoglobin and produces microcytic, hypochromic anaemia.

• A. Erythrocytes
• B. Eosinophils
• C. Granulocytes
• D. Monocytes

Explanation: Leucopenia most commonly reflects a reduction in neutrophils, which are granulocytes, although lymphocytes may also be reduced in some…

• A. WBC infiltration
• B. Erythrocyte engorgement
• C. Edema
• D. Capillary dilation

Explanation: Leukaemic gingival enlargement is mainly caused by infiltration of the gingiva by malignant white blood cells, often with secondary…

• A. Pernicious anemia
• B. Aplastic anemia
• C. Thalassemia
• D. Sprue

Explanation: Severe anaemia with petechiae and spontaneous bleeding suggests pancytopenia from aplastic anaemia, in which bone-marrow failure reduces…

• A. Folic acid
• B. Vitamin B1
• C. Vitamin B12
• D. Vitamin B6

Explanation: Pernicious anaemia results from autoimmune loss of intrinsic factor, causing impaired absorption of vitamin B12 in the terminal ileum.