Free Emergency Drugs and Antidotes MCQs with Answers

• A. Adrenaline given intramuscularly
• B. Atropine given intravenously
• C. Furosemide given intravenously
• D. Hydrocortisone given orally

Explanation: Adrenaline is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis because it rapidly supports the airway, breathing and circulation.

• A. It increases coronary and cerebral perfusion pressure
• B. It dissolves the clot causing the arrest
• C. It reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression
• D. It relaxes bronchial smooth muscle only

Explanation: Adrenaline causes vasoconstriction, which can increase coronary and cerebral perfusion pressure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

• A. Atropine
• B. Naloxone
• C. Adenosine
• D. Lidocaine

Explanation: Atropine blocks parasympathetic activity at the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes and can improve symptomatic bradycardia.

• A. Naloxone
• B. Flumazenil
• C. Protamine
• D. Pralidoxime

Explanation: Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist that reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression.

• A. Continue respiratory monitoring and provide repeat treatment as prescribed
• B. Give an oral sedative to prevent agitation
• C. Place the patient alone in a dark room
• D. Assume the opioid poisoning has completely resolved

Explanation: Naloxone may wear off before the opioid, so recurrent respiratory depression is possible.

• A. A patient with chronic benzodiazepine use and a seizure disorder
• B. A patient with isolated mild opioid poisoning
• C. A patient with hypoglycaemia after missed meals
• D. A patient with organophosphate exposure

Explanation: Flumazenil can precipitate acute withdrawal and seizures in patients dependent on benzodiazepines or those with seizure risk.

• A. Atropine
• B. Vitamin K
• C. Naloxone
• D. Calcium gluconate

Explanation: Atropine blocks excessive muscarinic effects such as secretions, bronchospasm and bradycardia in organophosphate poisoning.

• A. Give intravenous glucose according to protocol
• B. Give a subcutaneous dose of long-acting insulin
• C. Give oral glucose despite the swallowing problem
• D. Give intravenous furosemide

Explanation: A patient who cannot swallow safely needs rapid intravenous glucose, with the amount guided by local protocol and subsequent blood glucose…

• A. Administer prescribed emergency therapy and assess airway and breathing continuously
• B. Offer a large meal to prevent treatment-related weakness
• C. Place the patient flat and leave the room to obtain the chart
• D. Delay treatment until a chest radiograph is completed

Explanation: Falling oxygen saturation indicates a breathing emergency, so prescribed emergency bronchodilator therapy, oxygen support and continuous…

• A. Protamine sulfate
• B. Vitamin K
• C. Acetylcysteine
• D. Deferoxamine

Explanation: Protamine sulfate binds and neutralises heparin and is used when clinically significant heparin-related bleeding occurs.

• A. Lorazepam
• B. Phenytoin
• C. Levetiracetam
• D. Phenobarbital

Explanation: Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine that rapidly enhances inhibitory GABA activity and is commonly used initially for status epilepticus.

• A. Intramuscular glucagon
• B. Oral glucose gel
• C. Subcutaneous insulin
• D. Intravenous potassium chloride

Explanation: Intramuscular glucagon raises blood glucose by stimulating hepatic glycogen breakdown when intravenous access is unavailable.

• A. N-acetylcysteine
• B. Deferoxamine
• C. Protamine sulfate
• D. Methylene blue

Explanation: N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione and helps prevent or limit acetaminophen-related liver injury.

• A. Digoxin immune Fab
• B. Sodium bicarbonate
• C. Calcium gluconate
• D. N-acetylcysteine

Explanation: Digoxin immune Fab consists of antibody fragments that bind circulating digoxin and reduce its toxic effects.

• A. Deferoxamine
• B. Fomepizole
• C. Atropine
• D. Methylene blue

Explanation: Deferoxamine chelates iron and is used for serious iron poisoning. Fomepizole treats toxic alcohol poisoning, atropine treats cholinergic…

• A. Calcium gluconate
• B. Sodium bicarbonate
• C. Potassium chloride
• D. Protamine sulfate

Explanation: Calcium gluconate antagonises the neuromuscular and cardiac effects of magnesium toxicity and should be prepared urgently.

• A. Give it as a rapid intravenous push followed by a flush
• B. Give it as a slow intramuscular injection
• C. Infuse it slowly over several hours
• D. Give it orally with a full glass of water

Explanation: Adenosine has an extremely short half-life, so it is given by rapid intravenous push through a suitable line and followed immediately by a…

• A. Norepinephrine
• B. Isosorbide dinitrate
• C. Furosemide
• D. Propranolol

Explanation: Norepinephrine produces mainly alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction and supports vascular tone in persistent septic shock.

• A. Hydroxocobalamin
• B. Vitamin K
• C. Pralidoxime
• D. Flumazenil

Explanation: Hydroxocobalamin binds cyanide to form the relatively harmless compound cyanocobalamin, which can then be excreted.

• A. Sodium bicarbonate
• B. Calcium chloride
• C. Naloxone
• D. Glucagon

Explanation: Intravenous sodium bicarbonate helps narrow the QRS complex and correct sodium-channel blockade in serious tricyclic antidepressant…