Free Blood and Immunity MCQs with Answers

• A. Plasma proteins
• B. Red blood cells
• C. White blood cells
• D. Platelets

Explanation: Red blood cells carry haemoglobin, which binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it to tissues.

• A. Transport of oxygen
• B. Production of antibodies
• C. Formation of platelets
• D. Destruction of bacteria

Explanation: Haemoglobin binds and transports oxygen in red blood cells, so a low level can reduce tissue oxygen delivery and cause fatigue or…

• A. Neutrophil
• B. Lymphocyte
• C. Eosinophil
• D. Basophil

Explanation: Neutrophils commonly arrive early in acute bacterial inflammation and engulf microorganisms.

• A. B positive
• B. AB negative
• C. O positive
• D. AB positive

Explanation: A positive recipients have A antigen and Rh antigen, and they can generally receive A or O red blood cells with compatible Rh status.

• A. An antigen triggers a response, while an antibody binds the antigen
• B. An antigen destroys pathogens, while an antibody forms platelets
• C. An antigen is a cell, while an antibody is a red blood cell
• D. An antigen prevents inflammation, while an antibody causes bleeding

Explanation: An antigen is a substance recognised as foreign or abnormal that can stimulate an immune response.

• A. Local inflammatory response
• B. Loss of immune memory
• C. Reduced antibody production
• D. Destruction of red cells

Explanation: Inflammation increases local blood flow and vascular permeability, allowing immune cells and plasma proteins to reach injured tissue.

• A. Plasma cell
• B. Neutrophil
• C. Platelet
• D. Red blood cell

Explanation: Activated B lymphocytes can differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies specific to the stimulating antigen.

• A. Artificial active immunity
• B. Natural passive immunity
• C. Artificial passive immunity
• D. Natural active immunity

Explanation: Vaccination introduces antigenic material that stimulates the person's own immune system to form antibodies and memory cells, so it…

• A. Platelet plug formation
• B. Antibody class switching
• C. Red cell maturation
• D. Lymphocyte memory formation

Explanation: After vascular injury, platelets adhere to the damaged vessel and aggregate to form a temporary platelet plug.

• A. Give oral fluids and observe
• B. Place the patient upright and reassess
• C. Call for emergency help and support the airway
• D. Apply a warm compress to the injection site

Explanation: Wheezing, facial swelling and hypotension suggest anaphylaxis, which threatens the airway and breathing and can rapidly cause circulatory…

• A. Albumin
• B. Fibrinogen
• C. Globulin
• D. Haemoglobin

Explanation: Albumin is the main plasma protein maintaining colloid osmotic pressure and it also transports substances such as hormones and drugs.

• A. A biconcave shape with a large surface area
• B. A spherical shape with a central nucleus
• C. A rough surface with many cell organelles
• D. A thick wall containing contractile proteins

Explanation: The biconcave shape gives the red blood cell a large surface area and short diffusion distance for gas exchange.

• A. Use a soft toothbrush and avoid trauma
• B. Give an intramuscular injection using a fine needle
• C. Encourage aspirin for gum discomfort
• D. Apply vigorous massage to bruised areas

Explanation: Severe thrombocytopenia increases the risk of bleeding, so the nurse should prevent trauma and use gentle oral care.

• A. A positive
• B. B negative
• C. AB positive
• D. O negative

Explanation: O negative red blood cells lack A, B and Rh D antigens, so they are less likely to cause an immediate reaction in an unknown recipient.

• A. Eosinophil
• B. Neutrophil
• C. Monocyte
• D. Lymphocyte

Explanation: Eosinophils help defend against helminth parasites and participate in allergic inflammation.

• A. Helper T lymphocyte
• B. Red blood cell
• C. Platelet
• D. Mast cell

Explanation: Helper T lymphocytes release cytokines that activate and coordinate other immune cells, including B lymphocytes and macrophages.

• A. Maternal IgG antibody
• B. Newborn IgM antibody
• C. Maternal platelet factor
• D. Newborn T-cell memory

Explanation: Maternal IgG crosses the placenta and protects the newborn temporarily after birth.

• A. It can assist in destroying microbes and promoting inflammation
• B. It is produced only after a person receives a vaccine
• C. It is the red pigment that carries oxygen in blood
• D. It prevents every antibody from binding to an antigen

Explanation: Complement is a group of plasma proteins that can promote inflammation, improve phagocytosis and damage microbial membranes.

• A. Thrombin
• B. Plasmin
• C. Albumin
• D. Erythropoietin

Explanation: Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin, which forms a mesh that stabilises the platelet plug.

• A. A small bruise at the venepuncture site
• B. New blood in the urine
• C. Mild tiredness after walking
• D. Slight dryness of the skin

Explanation: New blood in the urine may indicate internal or urinary tract bleeding and requires prompt assessment and reporting.