All Free Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing MCQs with Answers

• A. Right atrium
• B. Right ventricle
• C. Left atrium
• D. Left ventricle

Explanation: The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the four pulmonary veins and passes it through the mitral valve to the left ventricle.

• A. Tricuspid valve
• B. Pulmonary valve
• C. Mitral valve
• D. Aortic valve

Explanation: The mitral valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle and closes when the ventricle contracts.

• A. AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibres, bundle branches
• B. SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibres
• C. SA node, bundle branches, AV node, Purkinje fibres
• D. AV node, bundle of His, SA node, Purkinje fibres

Explanation: The impulse normally begins in the sinoatrial node, reaches the atrioventricular node, travels through the bundle of His and bundle…

• A. 20 mmHg
• B. 40 mmHg
• C. 80 mmHg
• D. 120 mmHg

Explanation: Pulse pressure is calculated by subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure: 120 minus 80 equals 40 mmHg.

• A. Left ventricle, aorta, lungs, left atrium
• B. Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, left atrium
• C. Left ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, right atrium
• D. Right ventricle, aorta, lungs, right atrium

Explanation: The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where gas exchange occurs.

• A. It starts every heartbeat in the ventricles
• B. It delays the impulse before ventricular contraction
• C. It carries oxygenated blood to the myocardium
• D. It prevents blood from entering the pulmonary artery

Explanation: The AV node delays conduction between atrial and ventricular depolarisation, allowing time for ventricular filling.

• A. Increased venous return and increased stroke volume
• B. Reduced venous return and reduced cardiac output
• C. Reduced heart rate and increased cardiac output
• D. Increased capillary filtration and increased blood pressure

Explanation: Blood loss reduces circulating volume, so less blood returns to the heart and cardiac output falls.

• A. An artery has thinner walls and valves
• B. An artery carries blood only toward the lungs
• C. An artery has a thicker muscular wall and smaller lumen
• D. An artery allows most fluid exchange with tissues

Explanation: Arteries carry blood away from the heart under higher pressure, so they have thicker muscular and elastic walls with relatively smaller…

• A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
• B. Plasma osmotic pressure
• C. Lymphatic suction pressure
• D. Intercellular osmotic pressure

Explanation: Capillary hydrostatic pressure pushes water and small solutes out into the tissue spaces at the arterial end.

• A. 0.5 L/min
• B. 5.0 L/min
• C. 50.4 L/min
• D. 142 L/min

Explanation: Cardiac output equals heart rate multiplied by stroke volume: 72 × 70 mL equals 5,040 mL per minute, or approximately 5.0 L/min.

• A. Right atrium
• B. Right ventricle
• C. Left atrium
• D. Left ventricle

Explanation: The right ventricle ejects deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery.

• A. Tricuspid valve
• B. Pulmonary valve
• C. Mitral valve
• D. Aortic valve

Explanation: The aortic valve is a semilunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta.

• A. The ventricles relax and fill with blood
• B. The semilunar valves open and blood leaves
• C. The atria contract and eject into arteries
• D. The ventricles contract and raise arterial pressure

Explanation: During ventricular diastole, the ventricles relax and fill from the atria.

• A. Coronary artery
• B. Pulmonary artery
• C. Superior vena cava
• D. Coronary sinus

Explanation: The coronary arteries branch from the aorta and deliver oxygenated blood to the myocardium.

• A. Reduced peripheral resistance
• B. Increased venous pooling
• C. Increased peripheral resistance
• D. Reduced arterial pressure from vasodilation

Explanation: Arteriolar constriction decreases the vessel radius and increases peripheral resistance, which tends to raise arterial pressure.

• A. Elastic arteries
• B. Arterioles
• C. Capillaries
• D. Large veins

Explanation: Capillaries have very thin walls, usually one endothelial cell layer, allowing diffusion and filtration.

• A. Reduced pressure in pulmonary capillaries
• B. Increased pulmonary venous pressure
• C. Obstruction of the superior vena cava
• D. Reduced blood flow through the pulmonary artery

Explanation: Poor left ventricular pumping causes blood to back up into the pulmonary veins and capillaries.

• A. The cardiac cycle includes atrial and ventricular contraction and relaxation
• B. The cardiac cycle describes only blood movement through capillaries
• C. Systemic circulation occurs only when the ventricles are relaxed
• D. Pulmonary circulation begins when the left atrium contracts

Explanation: The cardiac cycle is the sequence of atrial and ventricular systole and diastole during one heartbeat.

• A. Warm skin and a regular pulse
• B. Urine output of 15 mL in one hour
• C. Mild thirst after a meal
• D. Capillary refill of two seconds

Explanation: Urine output of 15 mL in one hour suggests reduced renal perfusion and possible inadequate circulating volume.

• A. Right atrium
• B. Right ventricle
• C. Left atrium
• D. Left ventricle

Explanation: The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body through the venae cavae.