Free Conflict and Security Studies MCQs with Answers

• A. Nation's first census took place
• B. Nation's first elections took place
• C. Nation's first Television network was started
• D. None of these

Explanation: Afghanistan held its first nationwide presidential election in October 2004, following the post-Taliban political transition.

• A. October 2001
• B. December 2001
• C. January 2001
• D. none of these

Explanation: The Afghan Interim Authority was established under the Bonn Agreement of December 2001 after the fall of the Taliban regime.

• A. Ruling Clergy
• B. Grand Assembly of all factors
• C. Arbitration Council
• D. None of them

Explanation: A Loya Jirga is Afghanistan’s traditional grand assembly, bringing together representatives, tribal elders and other influential groups to…

• A. 5th March, 1988
• B. 1st, January, 1988
• C. 14th April, 1988
• D. 15th November, 1988

Explanation: The Geneva Accords were signed on 14 April 1988 by Afghanistan and Pakistan, with the United States and Soviet Union as guarantors.

• A. 1994
• B. 1993
• C. 1993
• D. 1992

Explanation: The most intense phase of the Kabul civil war occurred in 1994, when factional fighting caused thousands of deaths and extensive…

• A. 1980
• B. 1996
• C. 1998
• D. 1999

Explanation: The Taliban captured Kabul and seized national power in September 1996 after expanding rapidly from southern Afghanistan.

• A. 24 December, 1979
• B. 24 January, 1979
• C. 24 April, 1985
• D. 24 June, 1989

Explanation: The Soviet invasion began on 24 December 1979, when Soviet forces entered Afghanistan and intervened in the conflict involving Hafizullah…

• A. 1980
• B. 1982
• C. 1985
• D. 1989

Explanation: The Soviet military withdrawal was completed on 15 February 1989, after the 1988 Geneva Accords set the withdrawal process in motion.

• A. Great Saur Revolution
• B. Great Communist Revolution
• C. Great People's Revolution
• D. Great democratic RevolutionGet Study Guides

Explanation: The communist coup of April 1978 was called the Saur Revolution, named after the Saur month in the Afghan calendar.

• A. India
• B. China
• C. Iran
• D. Afghanistan

Explanation: Afghanistan is called the crossroads of Asia because its location links Central Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and the Indian…

• A. Each state in a system abides by international law.
• B. Each state in a system accepts that security for one is security for all and agrees to join in a collective response to aggression.
• C. Each state in a system contributes to collective security by maximizing its security self-interest.
• D. None of the above.

Explanation: Collective security treats aggression against one member as a concern for all members, who commit themselves to a joint response.

• A. nationalistic cultures that have strong norms against violence.
• B. a collective security system to prevent aggression by rogue actors.
• C. a just war doctrine.
• D. a global identity.

Explanation: Positive peace means more than stopping direct violence; it seeks justice, shared norms and a sense of common human community.

• A. peace studies.
• B. collective security.
• C. the security dilemma.
• D. postmodernism.

Explanation: World government is a peace-studies ideal in which a central authority replaces international anarchy and manages conflict among states.

• A. a collective good.
• B. aggression.
• C. nonviolence.
• D. hegemony.

Explanation: Collective security requires members to identify aggression against one member as a threat to all and to respond collectively.

• A. the Pentagon
• B. the Bureau of Intelligence and Research
• C. the National Security Council
• D. the State Department

Explanation: The Iran-Contra operation was organised through covert channels linked to the National Security Council, including senior NSC staff such…

• A. the validation of wrong decisions.
• B. polling.
• C. the result of increased public support for government leaders during wartime.
• D. the public promotion of a government's official line.

Explanation: Propaganda is the systematic public promotion of an official political line, often designed to shape attitudes and behaviour.

• A. Postmodern peace
• B. Common peace
• C. Positive peace
• D. Anti-militarism

Explanation: Positive peace means more than the absence of direct violence: it includes justice, equality, and the removal of structural violence.

• A. are more prone to war than male leaders,
• B. have held high-level cabinet positions, but have not been elected to lead the government.
• C. have not been significantly different from male leaders in making peace or war.
• D. are less prone to war than male leaders.

Explanation: Research does not support a simple rule that female leaders are either more or less war-prone than male leaders.

• A. the breakup of Yugoslavia
• B. It has never been successful.
• C. Iraq's invasion of Kuwait
• D. the genocide in Rwanda

Explanation: The international response to Iraq’s 1990 invasion of Kuwait is commonly cited as a successful case of collective security, because the UN…

• A. individual
• B. interstate
• C. domestic
• D. global

Explanation: This classification presents peace studies as examining individuals, domestic societies, and global structures rather than treating…