Free Forest Ecology MCQs with Answers

• A. Water factor
• B. Temperature
• C. Climate
• D. Soil fertility

Explanation: In the climatic-climax concept, the regional climate determines the broad nature of the climax community, while water, temperature and…

• A. Increases, then decreases
• B. Remains constant
• C. Decreases continuously
• D. Increases continuously

Explanation: As succession proceeds, plant populations become larger and structurally more complex, so the standing biomass generally rises toward the…

• A. Polygonum
• B. Casuarina
• C. Wolffia
• D. None of these

Explanation: Polygonum includes amphibious species that can grow in both aquatic and terrestrial conditions.

• A. Ecotone
• B. Climax stage
• C. Seral community
• D. Ecotype

Explanation: Succession ends in a climax stage, the relatively stable community suited to the prevailing environmental conditions.

• A. Herbivores
• B. Carnivores
• C. Fauna and flora
• D. Planktons

Explanation: Microscopic organisms drifting in water are called plankton; the animal component is more precisely termed zooplankton, while plant…

• A. Lichen, mos, herbs, shrubs
• B. Moss, lichen, herbs, shrubs
• C. Lichen, moss, shrubs, herbs
• D. Shrubs, herbs, moss, lichen

Explanation: On bare rock, pioneer lichens establish first, followed by mosses, herbs and then shrubs as soil and organic matter accumulate.

• A. Seral community
• B. Climax community
• C. Both (a) & (b)
• D. None of these

Explanation: The climax community is the last relatively stable community in succession and is determined chiefly by the regional climate, along with…

• A. Natural geo-chemical cycles
• B. Natural balance of our environment
• C. Natural flora of a place
• D. All the above three

Explanation: Natural flora is often affected first and most visibly because plants are fixed in place and directly absorb pollutants from air, water…

• A. Hydroelectric power station
• B. Diesel engine
• C. Thermal power plant
• D. Pollen grain

Explanation: Hydroelectric stations generate electricity without combustion, so they do not normally release the combustion pollutants produced by…

• A. Make oxygen molecules unavailable to aquatic life
• B. Make nitrates unavailable to aquatic life
• C. Prevent precipitation
• D. Stop the water cycle

Explanation: Persistent pollution can increase decomposition and nutrient enrichment, causing microorganisms to consume dissolved oxygen faster than it…

• A. Eel
• B. Sea gull
• C. Crab
• D. Phytoplanktons

Explanation: DDT becomes concentrated at successive trophic levels through biomagnification, so a predatory sea gull accumulates more than organisms…

• A. Algae
• B. Sand
• C. Sugar mill effluents
• D. Moss

Explanation: Sugar mill effluents contain abundant biodegradable organic matter, which microorganisms decompose while consuming dissolved oxygen…

• A. Biosphere
• B. Lithosphere
• C. Atmosphere
• D. Hydrosphere

Explanation: The biosphere is the global zone where living organisms exist, including suitable portions of the land, water, and atmosphere.

• A. Methaelo binemia
• B. Minamata
• C. Foolish disease
• D. Hepatitis

Explanation: Minamata disease is a severe neurological disorder caused by methylmercury poisoning, historically associated with contaminated seafood in…

• A. Soil pollution
• B. Water pollution
• C. Air pollution
• D. All of these

Explanation: Air pollution can heat Earth through greenhouse gases and suspended particles that absorb or retain outgoing radiation.

• A. Solar effect
• B. Radioactive effect
• C. Ozone layer effect
• D. Green house effect

Explanation: The greenhouse effect is the retention of outgoing terrestrial heat by gases and atmospheric components such as water vapour, carbon…

• A. All cell membrane system
• B. Nucleus
• C. Cell wall
• D. Plasmodesmata

Explanation: Sulfur dioxide can injure plant cells by disrupting membranes and membrane-bound processes, including chloroplast and mitochondrial…

• A. Ferns and Cycas
• B. Lichens and mosses
• C. Green algae and aquatic liverworts
• D. Neem' tree and Eichhornia

Explanation: Lichens and mosses absorb substances directly from the atmosphere and lack protective structures that would prevent pollutant…

• A. Alga
• B. Mustard
• C. Pinus
• D. Lichen
• E. Fern

Explanation: Lichens absorb water and nutrients directly from the atmosphere, so pollutants such as sulphur dioxide quickly affect their growth and…

• A. 63 & 37
• B. 73 & 27
• C. 37 & 63
• D. 27 & 73

Explanation: In the simplified global water-cycle balance used here, about 27% of water is returned to the ocean as runoff, while about 73% is…