Free Forest Ecology MCQs with Answers
837 Forest Ecology MCQs from Forestry, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
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- A. Allogenic
- B. Retrogressive
- C. Heterotrophic
- D. Induced
Explanation: A heterotrophic succession begins where organic matter is already abundant and decomposers or detritivores play a major role.
Correct answer: Heterotrophic- A. Edaphic factors
- B. Biotic factors
- C. Topographic factors
- D. All of these
Explanation: The polyclimax hypothesis allows different climax communities under the influence of soil, topography, climate and biotic factors.
Correct answer: All of these- A. Scirpus, Typha, Sagittaria
- B. Nuphar, Nelumbo, Victoria
- C. Lemna, Wolffia, Spirodela
- D. Najas, Ceratophyllum, Elodea
Explanation: In a hydrosere, submerged plants such as Najas, Ceratophyllum and Elodea are followed by floating-leaved plants, then reed-swamp plants…
Correct answer: Scirpus, Typha, Sagittaria- A. Nudation - ecesis - aggregation - migration
- B. Migartion - ecesis - aggregation - nudation
- C. Nudation - migration - ecesis - aggregation
- D. Nudation - ecesis - migration - aggregation
Explanation: The usual sequence is nudation, migration, ecesis and aggregation: a bare site forms, organisms arrive, become established and then…
Correct answer: Nudation - migration - ecesis - aggregation- A. Always changing
- B. Unpredictable
- C. Hephazard
- D. Predictable
Explanation: Succession generally follows a directional and broadly predictable progression from pioneer communities toward a more stable climax or…
Correct answer: Predictable- A. Drought
- B. Erosion
- C. Deposition
- D. Micro-organisms
Explanation: Drought is a climatic disturbance that can remove vegetation or create stressful bare conditions, initiating succession.
Correct answer: Drought- A. Induced
- B. Autogenic
- C. Allogenic
- D. Deflated
Explanation: Autogenic succession occurs when the existing community modifies conditions such as soil, moisture, light, or nutrients, allowing its…
Correct answer: Autogenic- A. Reaction
- B. Competition
- C. Coaction
- D. Ecesis
Explanation: Coaction is the general effect of organisms of the same species on one another, including competition and cooperation.
Correct answer: Coaction- A. Reaction
- B. Nudation
- C. Invasion
- D. Ecesis
Explanation: Reaction is the stage in which the developing community changes its environment, eventually producing conditions suitable for the climax…
Correct answer: Reaction- A. Najas
- B. Diatoms
- C. Zanichellia
- D. Lemna
Explanation: Diatoms are microscopic algae that commonly colonize open water first and form the pioneer community of a hydrosere.
Correct answer: Diatoms- A. Phytoplanktons
- B. Reed-swamps
- C. Floating plants
- D. Sedges
Explanation: In a hydrosere, submerged plants are followed by floating plants as sediment accumulation and changing light conditions make the surface…
Correct answer: Floating plants- A. Non-pathogenic microbes
- B. Human beings
- C. Pathogenic microbes
- D. Grazing animals
Explanation: Non-pathogenic microbes are generally not listed as a direct disruptive biotic factor in the standard succession sequence, whereas…
Correct answer: Non-pathogenic microbes- A. Eleocharis, Fimbristylis
- B. Salix, Populus
- C. Ranunculus, Polygonum
- D. Acer, Ulmus
Explanation: The woodland stage of a hydrosere commonly supports moisture-loving trees such as Salix and Populus.
Correct answer: Salix, Populus- A. Hypnuma
- B. Lecanora
- C. Parmelia
- D. Barbula
Explanation: Lecanora is a crustose lichen and a typical pioneer of a lithosere, colonising bare rock and beginning soil formation.
Correct answer: Lecanora- A. Pond freshly filled with water after a dry phase
- B. Freshly cleared crop fields
- C. Newly exposed habitat with no record of earlier vegetation
- D. Forest clearing after devastating free
Explanation: Primary succession begins on a newly exposed substrate where no earlier vegetation or developed soil exists, such as bare rock or newly…
Correct answer: Newly exposed habitat with no record of earlier vegetation- A. Ecological succession trend
- B. Genetic drift
- C. A food pyramid
- D. A phylogenetic trend
Explanation: This is a sequence of ecological succession, in which pioneer organisms such as algae and lichens are gradually replaced by mosses, shrubs…
Correct answer: Ecological succession trend- A. Greenlands
- B. Tropical rain forest
- C. Deciduous forests
- D. Savannahas
Explanation: Tropical rain forests have the greatest density and diversity of organisms because warm temperatures, abundant rainfall and year-round…
Correct answer: Tropical rain forest- A. Seral community
- B. Biotic community
- C. Pioneer community
- D. Ecosere
Explanation: The first community to establish in a previously unoccupied or disturbed habitat is the pioneer community.
Correct answer: Pioneer community- A. Blue-green algae
- B. Mosses
- C. Lichens
- D. Viruses
Explanation: Viruses are not generally primary colonisers because they depend on living host cells for replication.
Correct answer: Viruses- A. Biotic succession
- B. Physiographic succession
- C. Climatic succession
- D. Geographic succession
Explanation: Biotic succession is the progressive replacement of one biological community by another at the same site.
Correct answer: Biotic succession