Free Forest Ecology MCQs with Answers

• A. Reducing over grazing
• B. Planting proper plants
• C. Making dams
• D. All of those

Explanation: Overgrazing exposes soil, vegetation protects it, and dams or similar structures slow runoff.

• A. Afforestation
• B. Heavy rains
• C. Deforestation
• D. Over grazing

Explanation: Afforestation binds soil with roots and reduces the force of raindrops and surface runoff.

• A. Upper layers of soil are loosened and are eroded
• B. All of the above
• C. Lower compact layers make root penetration difficult
• D. Lower layers are made more compact and root respiration is interfered with

Explanation: Heavy, repeated grazing loosens exposed upper soil, compacts deeper layers and restricts root penetration and respiration.

• A. Denudation
• B. Deforestation
• C. Afforestation
• D. Overgrazing

Explanation: Afforestation protects the soil surface and reinforces it with roots, reducing runoff and wind removal.

• A. Desert
• B. Grassland
• C. Bushy vegetation
• D. Dense forest

Explanation: Persistent grazing and browsing prevent natural regeneration and remove plant cover; prolonged degradation can progress to…

• A. Addition of their excreta to the soil
• B. Eradication of weeds
• C. Removal of wild plants
• D. Removal of wild animals

Explanation: Grazing animals can benefit the soil by returning nutrients in dung and urine, which decompose and become available to plants.

• A. Bringing in plant pathogens
• B. Selective grazing
• C. Cross pollination
• D. Bringing the seeds of other plants

Explanation: Selective grazing removes preferred plant species more heavily than unpalatable ones, gradually changing the composition and type of…

• A. Will have no effect on causing floods in plain
• B. Will have no effect on climatic condition of that area
• C. May cause flood in plains in rainy season
• D. Will benefit the mankind for more area for cultivation

Explanation: Trees on hills intercept rainfall, promote infiltration and bind soil, so their removal increases runoff and sediment flow into the…

• A. Mulching
• B. Ley farming
• C. Basin listing
• D. Strip cropping

Explanation: Leaving crop stubble on the soil creates a protective mulch that reduces raindrop impact, runoff and wind movement of soil.

• A. Rill erosion
• B. Sheet erosion
• C. Gully erosion
• D. All of these

Explanation: Rainfall first detaches and transports soil as a thin, fairly uniform layer, producing sheet erosion.

• A. Gully erosion
• B. Slip erosion
• C. Stream bank erosion
• D. Wind erosion

Explanation: Riparian erosion occurs along the margins of rivers and streams, where flowing water cuts and carries away the bank material.

• A. Geological erosion
• B. Surface creep
• C. Both (a) & (b)
• D. Accelerated erosion

Explanation: Geological erosion is the slow, natural removal of soil and rock under undisturbed conditions, while accelerated erosion results from…

• A. Lichens
• B. Grasses
• C. Legumes
• D. Blue-green algae

Explanation: Grasses are planted first because their fibrous roots bind the exposed topsoil and rapidly provide ground cover.

• A. Stream bank erosion
• B. Sheet erosion
• C. Gully erosion
• D. Slip erosion

Explanation: Dams and drainage structures slow concentrated runoff and trap sediment in channels, thereby checking the enlargement of gullies.

• A. Leaching only
• B. Utilization by plants
• C. Chemical reactions
• D. Both (a) & (b)

Explanation: Soil minerals decline when plants remove nutrients for growth and when water leaches soluble nutrients below the root zone.

• A. Excessive rains
• B. Overfelling and overgrazing
• C. Wind storms
• D. All of these

Explanation: Accelerated erosion is chiefly human-induced, especially by removing forest cover through overfelling and exposing soil through…

• A. Gully - Rill - ravine
• B. Rill - Ravine - Gully
• C. Rill - Gully - Ravine
• D. Ravine - Rill - Gully

Explanation: Erosion commonly progresses from small channels called rills to deeper gullies and finally to very large channels called ravines.

• A. Fauna
• B. Community
• C. Flora
• D. Population

Explanation: A population consists of individuals of the same species living in a particular area and capable of interacting or reproducing.

• A. Natality
• B. Mortality
• C. Dispersal
• D. Emigration

Explanation: Natality means the birth rate, so it directly adds new individuals to a population.

• A. Imigration
• B. Biotic potential
• C. Environmental resistance
• D. All of these

Explanation: Environmental resistance includes limiting factors such as scarcity of food, disease, predation, and competition that prevent unlimited…