Side effect of heavy and constant grazing is that the:
Correct answer: D. All of the above
- A. Upper layers of soil are loosened and are eroded
- B. Lower layers are made more compact and root respiration is interfered with
- C. Lower compact layers make root penetration difficult
- D. All of the above
Explanation
Heavy, repeated grazing loosens exposed upper soil, compacts deeper layers and restricts root penetration and respiration. These combined effects accelerate erosion and vegetation decline, making all the listed effects applicable.
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