Free Forest Ecology MCQs with Answers

• A. Benthic brown algae, coastal red algae and daphnids
• B. Benthic diatoms and marine viruses
• C. Free-floating microalgae, cyanobacteria and nanoplankton
• D. Sea-grasses and slime-molds

Explanation: Most oceanic autotrophic biomass is made up of microscopic, free-floating organisms, especially phytoplankton such as microalgae…

• A. Producers only
• B. Consumers only
• C. Producers and Consumers only
• D. Producers, consumers and decomposers

Explanation: An ecosystem's biotic component includes every living functional group: producers, consumers and decomposers.

• A. Only plants
• B. Organisms linked in food chains
• C. Only carnivores
• D. Only animals

Explanation: Trophic levels represent the successive feeding positions of organisms in a food chain, beginning with producers and progressing through…

• A. Tansley
• B. Warming
• C. Carl Mobius
• D. S.C.Pandya

Explanation: Karl (Carl) Möbius coined the term bio-coenosis in 1877 for a community of living organisms occupying a particular habitat.

• A. Saprophytes
• B. Primary consumers
• C. Second trophic level
• D. None of these

Explanation: Snakes are not fixed at one trophic level because their position depends on their prey; they may act as secondary or tertiary consumers.

• A. Herbivores levels
• B. Consumer levels
• C. Producer levels
• D. Trophic levels

Explanation: The feeding or nutritional positions in an ecosystem are called trophic levels.

• A. Primary consumers
• B. Producers
• C. Secondary consumers
• D. Disinfectants

Explanation: Producers contain the greatest energy because they capture solar energy and form the base of the energy pyramid.

• A. T3
• B. T2
• C. T1
• D. T4

Explanation: The first trophic level, T1, consists of producers such as green plants, which capture solar energy.

• A. Flow of energy
• B. Cycling of material
• C. Consumption of materials
• D. Flow of energy and cycling of materials

Explanation: An ecosystem is characterized by one-way flow of energy and repeated cycling of materials between biotic and abiotic components.

• A. All of the above
• B. Consumers
• C. Decomposers
• D. Producers

Explanation: A complete ecosystem includes producers, consumers, and decomposers along with abiotic factors.

• A. Only two types of organisms
• B. Only bacteria and fungi
• C. Only microscopic animals
• D. Only two types of organisms plus macroscopic animals

Explanation: In the standard ecological classification, decomposers are chiefly microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi that chemically break down…

• A. Phagocytosis
• B. Food web
• C. Symbiosis
• D. Food chain

Explanation: A food chain shows the direct sequence of organisms in which one eats another, transferring energy upward.

• A. Biosphere
• B. Decomposers
• C. Consumers and decomposers
• D. Producers

Explanation: The biosphere is the global zone containing life and all ecosystems, so it collectively includes the living organisms found in them.

• A. Straight
• B. Inverted
• C. Horizontal
• D. Indefinite

Explanation: A tree may support many herbivorous insects and other consumers, so one large producer is represented by numerous organisms at the next…

• A. Producers and consumers
• B. Producers and decomposers
• C. Producers, consumers and decomposers
• D. Producers and light

Explanation: Biological equilibrium results from interacting controls among producers, consumers and decomposers, including energy flow and nutrient…

• A. Microconsumers
• B. Secondary consumers
• C. Primary consumers
• D. None of these

Explanation: Bacteria are commonly classified as microconsumers because they obtain nutrients by decomposing organic matter and absorbing dissolved…

• A. Detrivores
• B. Herbivores
• C. Carnivores
• D. Omnivores

Explanation: Primary consumers feed directly on producers such as green plants, making them herbivores.

• A. Net primary productivity
• B. Gross secondary productivity
• C. Gross primary productivity
• D. Net secondary productivity

Explanation: Gross primary productivity is the total rate at which producers convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

• A. Primary carnivore and trophic level II
• B. Secondary consumers and herbivores
• C. Primary consumers and herbivores
• D. Trophic level I and herbivores

Explanation: Primary consumers feed directly on producers, so they are herbivores and occupy trophic level II.

• A. Fe
• B. P
• C. Mg
• D. Ca

Explanation: Phosphorus can be carried into ocean sediments and become unavailable for rapid biological recycling, making it a critical limiting…