Free Forest Ecology MCQs with Answers

• A. Desert
• B. Tropical forest
• C. Deciduous forest
• D. Tundra

Explanation: Tropical forests show pronounced vertical stratification into emergent, canopy, sub-canopy and understorey layers because abundant light…

• A. Toxin
• B. Hormone
• C. Phytoalexin
• D. Phytotoxin

Explanation: Phytoalexins are antimicrobial compounds synthesized by plants after infection or other stress, helping restrict fungal growth.

• A. Gilgit
• B. Mardan
• C. Swat
• D. Peshawar

Explanation: The Tamarix-Poplar riverain formation follows the Indus floodplain and has isolated northern occurrences reaching Peshawar.

• A. Tidal Swamp Forests
• B. Littoral Grassland
• C. Both (a) & (b)
• D. None of these

Explanation: In the classification of tropical littoral and swamp vegetation, both tidal swamp forests and littoral grasslands are included.

• A. More or less dense forest of very low average height
• B. Only 3-6 m
• C. None of these
• D. Both (a) & (b)

Explanation: Tidal swamp forests are generally low, more or less dense formations, commonly reaching only about 3–6 metres in height.

• A. All of the above
• B. It forms a fairly complete canopy 12-15 m. High
• C. Which Acacia arabica usually strongly predominates with varying amounts of Populus euphratica
• D. It is an important seral stage of tropical thorn forest type.

Explanation: Riverain forests form a seral stage of tropical thorn vegetation, can develop a 12–15 metre canopy, and are commonly dominated by Acacia…

• A. An open rather low forest composed
• B. All of the above
• C. With a predominantly deciduous shrub layer
• D. A few trees of the thorn forest type

Explanation: Tropical dry deciduous forests are open and relatively low, with scattered thorn-forest trees and a mainly deciduous shrub layer.

• A. Which thorny usually hard wooded species predominate, Acacia spp. Being particularly characteristic
• B. The trees usually have short boles and low branching crowns which rarely meet except on exceptionally favourable spots
• C. None of these
• D. Both (a) & (b)

Explanation: Thorn forests are dominated by hard-wooded thorny species, especially Acacia, and their trees generally have short boles with low, widely…

• A. Low forest of branchy trees forming a canopy
• B. Varying in density from complete closure
• C. Under the most favourable conditions to scattered single trees or groups on the driest sites
• D. All of the above
• E. Typically field in with a shrub growth which similarly varies in density

Explanation: Dry subtropical broad-leaved forests range from a closed canopy under favourable conditions to scattered trees on dry sites, with shrub…

• A. High forest in which Pinus roxburghii (Chir) forms practically whole of the top canopy
• B. All of the above
• C. The pine canopy tends to be nearly even aged over compact areas sometimes of considerable extent
• D. Which may be upto 37.5 m. High with trees upto 2.0 or 2.5 m. In girth

Explanation: Subtropical pine forests are high forests dominated by Chir pine, which can reach about 37.5 m and 2 to 2.5 m in girth.

• A. Nepal
• B. Sri Lanka
• C. Bhutan
• D. Afghanistan

Explanation: Chir pine, Pinus roxburghii, extends eastward from Pakistan through the Himalayan region as far as Bhutan.

• A. Pinus wallichiana
• B. All of the aboveTourist Destinations
• C. Piecea smithiana
• D. Abies pindrow
• E. Cedrus deodara

Explanation: The principal Himalayan conifers listed are blue pine, deodar, spruce and fir, represented by Pinus wallichiana, Cedrus deodara, Picea…

• A. Both (a) & (b)
• B. Form local consociations
• C. Fairly generally
• D. None of these

Explanation: These temperate deciduous genera occur broadly across the forests but may also form local consociations where site conditions favour one…

• A. 12.2
• B. 13.2
• C. 14.2
• D. 15.2

Explanation: The cited mean annual temperature for Himalayan moist temperate forests in the standard Pakistani forest classification is about 12.2°C.

• A. 1,300 mm
• B. 1,400 mm
• C. 1,500 mm
• D. 1,600 mm

Explanation: Murree is commonly cited with about 1,500 mm of annual rainfall in descriptions of the Himalayan moist temperate forest zone.

• A. 22 to 44 m
• B. 24 to 46 m
• C. 26 to 48 m
• D. 28 to 50 m

Explanation: The standard description gives coniferous forests with a fairly complete cover and good tree height of approximately 24 to 46 metres.

• A. Acer
• B. Prunus
• C. Fraxinus
• D. Aesculus
• E. All of the above

Explanation: Acer, Prunus, Fraxinus and Aesculus are all deciduous broadleaved genera associated with these moist or protected temperate sites.

• A. 3,550 m
• B. 3,650 m
• C. 3,750 m
• D. 3,850 m

Explanation: Dry temperate forests generally occur from about 1,525 to 3,350 m, but on warmer southerly aspects they may extend to approximately 3,650…

• A. 1.6 to 8.0 m
• B. 1.5 to 7.0 m
• C. 1.4 to 6.0 m
• D. None of these

Explanation: In dry temperate forests, snowfall increases with altitude and is commonly given as about 1.4 to 6.0 m.

• A. The chief character of this type is the extensive development of coniferous forests
• B. They also extend into the dry temperature regions
• C. To a small extent into the sub-alpine forests
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Himalayan moist temperate forests are chiefly notable for extensive conifer development, with some extension into dry temperate and, to a…