Free Forest Ecology MCQs with Answers

• A. Nitrogen
• B. Carbon
• C. Oxygen
• D. Hydrogen

Explanation: Humus is composed mainly of carbon-rich organic compounds formed from decomposed plant and animal residues.

• A. Mull
• B. Peat
• C. Mor
• D. Muck

Explanation: Mor is a slowly decomposing forest floor in which the L litter layer and H humus layer remain clearly distinguishable.

• A. Free floating
• B. None of these
• C. Submerged floating
• D. Rooted emergent

Explanation: Rooted emergent plants may produce submerged, floating and aerial leaves, making them commonly heterophyllous.

• A. Unavailable water
• B. Available water
• C. Run off water
• D. Total atmospheric precipitation

Explanation: Ecard is the portion of soil water held so tightly by soil particles that plants cannot use it.

• A. Chesard - Ecard = Holard
• B. Holard - Chesard = Ecard
• C. Holard + Ecard = Chesard
• D. Ecard - Chesard = Holard

Explanation: Holard is total soil water and is divided into available water, called chesard, and unavailable water, called ecard.

• A. Psammophilous
• B. Heliophilous
• C. Pelophilous
• D. Lithophilous

Explanation: The prefix pelo- refers to mud or clay, so halophytes growing on muddy surfaces are called pelophilous.

• A. Oxylophytes
• B. Lithophytes
• C. Psilophytes
• D. Eremophytes

Explanation: Eremophytes are plants adapted to deserts and steppes, where drought and sparse rainfall are dominant conditions.

• A. Lithophytes
• B. Psychrophytes
• C. Halophytes
• D. Sciophytes

Explanation: Lithophytes grow on or among rocks, often surviving in shallow, nutrient-poor sites.

• A. Halophyte
• B. Psychrophyte
• C. Oxylophyte
• D. Psammophyte

Explanation: Psychrophytes are adapted to cold conditions, including cold soils and low temperatures.

• A. Mircophylly
• B. Poor water storage
• C. Absence of aerenchyma
• D. Pneumatophores and vivipary

Explanation: Mangroves commonly develop pneumatophores for gaseous exchange in waterlogged, oxygen-deficient soil and show vivipary, in which seeds…

• A. Well developed root-shoot systems
• B. Absence of cuticle
• C. Uniform mesophyll
• D. All of these

Explanation: Mesophytes grow where water is neither severely deficient nor excessive, so they usually possess well-developed roots and shoots.

• A. Megatherms
• B. Mesotherms
• C. Microtherms
• D. Hekistotherms

Explanation: Mesotherms are associated with moderate thermal conditions, including environments where temperature may fluctuate between relatively high…

• A. Nymphaea, Poamogeton, Victoria
• B. Utricularia, Typha, Aponogeton
• C. Lemna, Spirodela, Azolla
• D. Ranunculus, Vallisneria, Hydrilla

Explanation: Lemna, Spirodela and Azolla are all free-floating aquatic plants, so they belong to the same hydrophytic category.

• A. Capparis aphylla
• B. Zizyphis jujuba
• C. Acacia nilotica
• D. Calotropis procera

Explanation: Capparis aphylla is a leafless xerophyte, with green stems contributing to photosynthesis and reduced water loss.

• A. Equally developed palisade and spongy parenchyma
• B. Multistratose epidermis
• C. Non-functional stomata
• D. None of these

Explanation: A multistratose epidermis provides extra protection against water loss and intense radiation, making it a xerophytic adaptation.

• A. 4.50%
• B. 9%
• C. 8.25%
• D. 16.50%

Explanation: Permanent wilting point is calculated on the oven-dry soil basis, not on the wet sample mass.

• A. Between 0.1 - 0.5%
• B. Between 0.01 - 0.1%
• C. Between 0.5 - 1.0%
• D. Above 1.0%

Explanation: Euhalophytes are strongly salt-loving plants that tolerate highly saline habitats, generally where NaCl exceeds 1%.

• A. Eremophytes
• B. Psammophytes
• C. Psilophytes
• D. Oxylophytes

Explanation: Psammophytes are plants adapted to sandy habitats, including sand mixed with gravel.

• A. Acanthus ilicifolius
• B. Avicennia offcinalis
• C. All of these
• D. Ceriops roxburghiana

Explanation: Acanthus ilicifolius, Avicennia officinalis and Ceriops roxburghiana are all recognised mangrove plants.

• A. Sagittaria
• B. Typha
• C. Najas
• D. Spirodela

Explanation: Spirodela is a duckweed that floats freely on the water surface without being rooted in the bottom.