All Free Economics MCQs with Answers

• A. socialization
• B. the development of instincts
• C. physical development
• D. learning to be responsible

Explanation: Maturation refers primarily to the natural physical and biological development of the human organism.

• A. instincts
• B. socialization
• C. cosmic influences
• D. in our society watching television

Explanation: Socialization teaches an individual the language, norms, values, and behaviour needed to function as a human member of society.

• A. the subconscious mind
• B. an individual's self-concept or self-awareness
• C. a person's conscience
• D. the equivalent of the libido in Freuds theory

Explanation: For George Herbert Mead, the self is formed socially and refers to a person’s developing self-concept and self-awareness.

• A. Personality development acts independently of physical development
• B. Personality development proceeds in stages related to sensorimotor maturation
• C. Behavior is the product of genetic predispositions
• D. The most important influence on personality development is social class

Explanation: Piaget explained development as a sequence of stages linked to cognitive and sensorimotor maturation.

• A. Lookingglass self
• B. symbolic interactionism
• C. behaviorism
• D. developmental theory

Explanation: The looking-glass self, symbolic interactionism, and developmental approaches emphasize the self emerging through interaction with others.

• A. the family
• B. the peer groups
• C. church
• D. occupational groups or organizations

Explanation: Specialized socialization prepares people for specific occupational roles, so it occurs most frequently in workplaces and occupational…

• A. an aggregate
• B. a group
• C. a category
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Humanity is a category because it classifies all human beings by a shared characteristic, without requiring them to interact as a group.

• A. role strain
• B. ascribed statuses
• C. master statuses
• D. role conflict

Explanation: Gender and ethnic identity are commonly treated ascribed statuses because they are assigned at birth or involuntarily acquired.

• A. the attainment of recognized excellence
• B. a dominant position in a relationship
• C. the most widely recognized among several positions
• D. the position from which all other positions are derived

Explanation: A master status is the identity or social position that is most prominent in how a person is recognized, often overshadowing other roles.

• A. doing things in an institutionalized way
• B. working jointly in a common enterprise for a shared goal
• C. doing something in return for what someone has done for you
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Reciprocity means returning a benefit, favour, or action received from another person.

• A. the downfall of industrialized societies
• B. one of the great contributions of democracy
• C. a major obstacle to establishing social order
• D. none of the above

Explanation: Democracy allows competing opinions to be expressed peacefully, so tolerance of conflicting ideas is regarded as one of its major…

• A. individuals differ in temperament goals and desires
• B. the world is based on randomness
• C. humans are solitary creatures
• D. human behavior is unpredictable

Explanation: A group way of life can produce disorder because human behaviour is not completely predictable, making coordinated action and stable…

• A. task specialization governed by explicit rule
• B. a pyramid of authority based on inherited privilege
• C. leadership by a self-appointed
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Weber’s ideal bureaucracy is organized through specialized duties, a hierarchy, and explicit impersonal rules.

• A. nation
• B. state
• C. government
• D. society

Explanation: Society is the broad population living within a shared territory and culture, whereas a state emphasizes political authority and a nation…

• A. violence
• B. coercion
• C. contest
• D. competition

Explanation: Competition occurs when two or more individuals seek the same scarce object, resource, or valued position.

• A. is a model
• B. is a concept
• C. illustrates how social relationships work in a group
• D. all of the above

Explanation: A social system is a conceptual model showing how social relationships and institutions operate together within a group.

• A. our human ancestors way of life in trees
• B. the fact that human infants are helpless for a long period of time
• C. a faulty genetic development
• D. the small size of humans relative to other animals

Explanation: Human infants depend on adults for many years, so cooperation and group living improve their chances of survival and development.

• A. Gemeinschaft
• B. Gesellschaft
• C. Mineshaft
• D. family

Explanation: Gemeinschaft describes a community formed through close personal relationships, such as family or village life.

• A. the use of the plow
• B. hunting animals
• C. factories
• D. farm animals

Explanation: Agrarian societies depend mainly on settled agriculture, historically involving the plow to cultivate land.

• A. reference group
• B. membership group
• C. involuntary group
• D. all of the above

Explanation: A rock band admired by a young guitarist serves as a reference group because its style and achievements provide standards for comparison…