All Free Economics MCQs with Answers

• A. they are based on a sophisticated definition of instinct
• B. they emphasize sexual dysfunction
• C. they stress the irrational
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Psychodynamic theories explain personality through interacting psychological forces, especially instinctual and unconscious motives…

• A. corresponds to Freud,s"ego"
• B. emerged before the "me"
• C. eventually completely merges with the "me"
• D. all of the above

Explanation: In Mead’s theory, the “I” is the spontaneous and unpredictable aspect of the self, while the “me” develops from internalized social…

• A. the expressed judgment of one,s peers
• B. the imagined judgments of others
• C. the persons self-feeling such as pride
• D. all of the above

Explanation: In Cooley’s looking-glass self, people imagine how others see and judge them, and then develop feelings about themselves from that…

• A. occurs incidentally and unconsciously
• B. involves acquiring a self-image
• C. is less effective and easier to resist than childhood socialization
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Adult socialization is generally less deeply rooted than childhood socialization, so established adults can resist or reinterpret new…

• A. one's mother
• B. shame
• C. societal norms
• D. analytic internalization

Explanation: Mead’s generalized other is the internalized perspective of the wider community, including its shared rules and expectations.

• A. view the same experiences differently
• B. arrive at a common view point through discussion
• C. perceive the same events in the same way
• D. pretend to disagree when they really agree

Explanation: Shared background does not guarantee identical interpretation because siblings have different personalities, experiences, and…

• A. Charles Horton Cooley
• B. Sigmund Freud
• C. George Herbert Mead
• D. Jean Piaget

Explanation: Psychodynamic personality theory originated with Sigmund Freud’s emphasis on unconscious motives, conflict, and mental forces.

• A. the absence of instincts
• B. the need for love
• C. the need for body contact
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Human personality is shaped partly by biological limits, including the relative absence of fixed instincts and the need for attachment…

• A. a child of five can learn philosophy
• B. a child of one can understand social rules
• C. a child of eight can master addition
• D. none of the above

Explanation: At about age eight, a child is in Piaget's concrete operational stage and can perform logical operations such as simple addition.

• A. his overemphasis on early childhood
• B. his overemphasis on adulthood
• C. none his theory is widely accepted
• D. his stress on the spiritual facet of personality

Explanation: A common criticism of Freud's theory is that it gives excessive importance to early childhood experiences in shaping adult personality.

• A. unconscious level of personality
• B. conscious level of personality
• C. the absence of the unconscious level
• D. empirical level of personality

Explanation: Freudian psychoanalysis focuses strongly on unconscious motives, desires and conflicts that influence behaviour.

• A. primary socialization
• B. secondary socialization
• C. reverse socialization
• D. tertiary socialization

Explanation: Reverse socialization occurs when children teach or influence adults, especially because they acquire new technology faster.

• A. children are generally emotionally impaired by them
• B. children lose intellectual progress
• C. there is no important loss or gain in intellectual development in well managed centers
• D. they are a breeding ground of child abuse

Explanation: Research generally finds that well-managed daycare does not automatically harm children; outcomes depend on care quality and the home…

• A. instincts
• B. genes
• C. drives
• D. none of these

Explanation: Agents of socialization are people and institutions such as family, school, peers, religion and the media.

• A. child taught to read
• B. child absorbing parents' attitudes toward race
• C. correcting child's use of worlds
• D. child taught to use knife and fork

Explanation: Unconscious socialization happens indirectly, without deliberate instruction, as children absorb parents' attitudes and assumptions.

• A. permit researchers to generalize from samples
• B. convey information about central tendency
• C. allow researchers to test hypotheses
• D. convey information about atypical behavior

Explanation: Descriptive statistics summarize observed data, commonly through measures of central tendency such as the mean, median and mode.

• A. children
• B. adults
• C. persons of all ages
• D. infants

Explanation: Socialization is a lifelong process: children learn basic norms, while adults continue adapting to new roles, institutions and social…

• A. awareness of self
• B. walking
• C. speaking
• D. crying

Explanation: Awareness of self is the infant’s first step toward socialization because it enables the child to distinguish the self from others.

• A. interplay between environment and learned behavior
• B. a result of biology alone
• C. role demands
• D. more a function of heredity than anything else

Explanation: Personality develops through the interaction of biological tendencies, environmental influences, and learned behaviour.

• A. behavioral traits of a person
• B. emotions of a person
• C. attitudes of a person
• D. all of the above

Explanation: Personality is the overall pattern of a person’s traits, attitudes, emotions, and behaviour.